First comprehensive assessment of dietary chlorinated paraffins intake and exposure risk for the rural population of the Tibetan Plateau, China.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 0330500 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-1026 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00489697 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Total Environ Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: Amsterdam, Elsevier.
    • Subject Terms:
      Dietary Exposure*/statistics & numerical data ; Dietary Exposure*/analysis ; Paraffin*/analysis ; Rural Population*/statistics & numerical data; Tibet ; Humans ; Adult ; Food Contamination/analysis ; Food Contamination/statistics & numerical data ; Child ; Middle Aged ; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis ; Risk Assessment ; Female ; Male ; China ; Child, Preschool ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Diet/statistics & numerical data ; Environmental Pollutants/analysis
    • Abstract:
      Knowledge regarding the occurrence of short-chain and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs) in foodstuffs and their dietary exposure risks for rural Tibetan residents remains largely unknown. Herein, we collected main foodstuffs (including highland barley, vegetables, Tibetan butter, mutton, and yak beef) across the rural Tibetan Plateau and characterized the CP profiles and concentrations. The highest SCCPs concentrations were detected in Tibetan butter (geometric mean (GM): 240.6 ng/g wet weight (ww)), followed by vegetables (59.4 ng/g ww), mutton (51.4 ng/g ww), highland barley (46.3 ng/g ww), and yak beef (31.7 ng/g ww). For MCCPs, the highest concentrations were also detected in Tibetan butter (319.5 ng/g ww), followed by mutton (181.9 ng/g ww), vegetables (127.0 ng/g ww), yak beef (71.2 ng/g ww), and highland barley (30.3 ng/g ww). The predominant congener profiles of SCCPs were C 13 Cl 7 - 8 in mutton and yak beef, C 10 Cl 7 - 8 in Tibetan butter, and C 10 - 11 Cl 6 - 7 in highland barley and vegetables. The predominant congener profiles of MCCPs were C 14 Cl 7 - 9 in all sample types. Combined with our previous results of free-range chicken eggs, the median estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of SCCPs and MCCPs via diet for Tibetan rural adults and children was estimated to be 728.8 and 1853.9 ng/kg bw/day and 2565.6 and 5952.8 ng/kg bw/day, respectively. In the worst scenario, MCCPs might induce potential health risks for rural Tibetan population. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic dietary exposure research of SCCPs and MCCPs in the remote rural areas.
      Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
      (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Chlorinated paraffins; Dietary exposure; Health risks; New pollutants; Rural Tibetan Plateau
    • Accession Number:
      8002-74-2 (Paraffin)
      0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
      0 (Environmental Pollutants)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240414 Date Completed: 20240430 Latest Revision: 20240430
    • Publication Date:
      20240501
    • Accession Number:
      10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172435
    • Accession Number:
      38615758