A comprehensive approach to characterize navigation instruments for magnetic guidance in biological systems.

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: London : Nature Publishing Group, copyright 2011-

Magnetics* ; Nanoparticles*; Reproducibility of Results ; Magnets ; Magnetic Fields

Achieving non-invasive spatiotemporal control over cellular functions, tissue organization, and behavior is a desirable aim for advanced therapies. Magnetic fields, due to their negligible interaction with biological matter, are promising for in vitro and in vivo applications, even in deep tissues. Particularly, the remote manipulation of paramagnetic (including superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic, all with a positive magnetic susceptibility) entities through magnetic instruments has emerged as a promising approach across various biological contexts. However, variations in the properties and descriptions of these instruments have led to a lack of reproducibility and comparability among studies. This article addresses the need for standardizing the characterization of magnetic instruments, with a specific focus on their ability to control the movement of paramagnetic objects within organisms. While it is well known that the force exerted on magnetic particles depends on the spatial variation (gradient) of the magnetic field, the magnitude of the field is often overlooked in the literature. Therefore, we comprehensively analyze and discuss both actors and propose a novel descriptor, termed 'effective gradient', which combines both dependencies. To illustrate the importance of both factors, we characterize different magnet systems and relate them to experiments involving superparamagnetic nanoparticles. This standardization effort aims to enhance the reproducibility and comparability of studies utilizing magnetic instruments for biological applications.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

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213555243 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; 22K06430 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Keywords: Ferrofluid; Force; Gradient; Magnetic field; Magnetic flux density; Motion; Nanoparticle; SPIO; Steering; Superparamagnetic

Date Created: 20240403 Date Completed: 20240405 Latest Revision: 20240408

20240408

PMC10991419

10.1038/s41598-024-58091-x

38570608