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Sexual Dimorphism in the Physiopathology and Immune Response during Acute Toxocara canis Infection.
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- Additional Information
- Source:
Publisher: IMR Press Country of Publication: Singapore NLM ID: 101612996 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2768-6698 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 27686698 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) Subsets: MEDLINE
- Publication Information:
Publication: 2022- : Singapore : IMR Press
Original Publication: Searington, NY : Frontiers in Bioscience
- Subject Terms:
- Abstract:
Background: Toxocara canis ( T. canis ) is a helminth parasite of zoonotic and veterinary health significance that causes the disease known as Toxocariasis. This disease has been associated with conditions of poverty, especially in tropical climate zones throughout the world. Although it rarely causes important clinical manifestations, T. canis can lead to blindness, meningoencephalitis, or other nervous manifestations in humans. Moreover, some studies show its importance in the development of tumor growth, which have been associated with the parasite's ability to modulate the host's immune response. While different studies have evaluated the immune response during this disease, currently, there are no studies where the infection is analyzed from the perspective of sexual dimorphism.
Methods: To evaluate sex differences in susceptibility, we analyzed lesions and parasite loads in lung and liver at 7 days post-infection. In addition, immune cell subpopulations were analyzed in spleen, mesenteric and peripheral lymph nodes. Finally, the production of cytokines and specific antibodies were determined in the serum. Statical analyses were performed using a Two-way ANOVA and a post-hoc Bonferroni multiple comparison test.
Results: Female rats had a higher number of larvae in the liver, while male rats had them in the lungs. The percentages of immune cells were evaluated, and in most cases, no significant differences were observed. Regarding the cytokines production, infection can generate a decrease in Th1 such as IL-1β in both sexes and IL-6 only in females. In the case of Th2, IL-4 increases only in infected males and IL-5 increases in males while decreasing in females due to the effect of infection. IL-10 also decreases in both sexes as a consequence of the infection, and TGF-β only in females. Finally, the infection generates the production of antibodies against the parasite, however, their quantity is lower in females.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that T. canis infection is dimorphic and affects females more than males. This is due to a polarization of the inadequate immune response, which is reflected as a higher parasite load in this sex.
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Given his role as Guest Editor, Jorge Morales-Montor had no involvement in the peer-review of this article and has no access to information regarding its peer review. Full responsibility for the editorial process for this article was delegated to Giuseppe Murdaca.
(© 2024 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.)
- Grant Information:
IA-207023 PAPIIT-DGAPA-UNAM; IN-202723 PAPIIT-DGAPA-UNAM; IN-218720 PAPIIT-DGAPA-UNAM
- Contributed Indexing:
Keywords: Toxocara canis; dimorphic cytokine production; larval migration; paratenic host; sex differences; zoonoses
- Accession Number:
0 (Cytokines)
- Publication Date:
Date Created: 20240327 Date Completed: 20240329 Latest Revision: 20240329
- Publication Date:
20240329
- Accession Number:
10.31083/j.fbl2903124
- Accession Number:
38538283
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