Epidemiology of Craniomaxillofacial Fractures Over a 5-year Period at a Midwestern Level 1 Trauma Center Serving a Large Rural Population.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: W.B. Saunders Co Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8206428 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1531-5053 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02782391 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Oral Maxillofac Surg Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: [Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders Co., c1982-
    • Subject Terms:
      Trauma Centers*/statistics & numerical data ; Skull Fractures*/epidemiology ; Rural Population*/statistics & numerical data; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Illinois/epidemiology ; Aged ; Child ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child, Preschool ; Maxillofacial Injuries/epidemiology ; Facial Bones/injuries
    • Abstract:
      Background: Though the epidemiology of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) fractures has been well documented at urban hospitals, the characteristics of these fractures in rural hospitals have not been well studied.
      Purpose: The purpose of this study is to report on the epidemiology of CMF fractures at a regional Level 1 trauma center serving a large rural population in central Illinois.
      Study Design, Setting, Sample: This is a retrospective cohort study at a community-based regional tertiary referral center that serves a predominantly rural population. Inclusion criteria comprised patients with radiologically confirmed CMF fractures between 2015 and 2019. Patients with incomplete medical records were excluded.
      Predictor Variable: Predictor variables included demographics (age, admission source, race, and sex) and etiology of CMF fracture (assault/domestic violence, all-terrain vehicle/off-road, falls, farm-related, motor vehicle collisions, gunshot wound, and others).
      Main Outcome Variable: The primary outcome variable was the CMF anatomic location including nasal bone, orbit, mandible, malar/maxillary, and other CMF fractures.
      Covariates: The covariates are not applicable.
      Analyses: Descriptive statistics were used to summarize a sample of the population characteristics. Wilcoxon ranked sign tests and χ 2 tests of independence were used to assess for statistically significant associations between select variables of interest. Statistical significance was defined as P < .05.
      Results: Between 2015 and 2019, a total of 2,334 patients presented to the emergency department with a CMF fracture. After applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, the final sample was composed of 1,844 patients for the management of 2,405 CMF fractures. The majority of patients were male(62.0%) and young adults (aged 18-39) had the highest number of CMF fractures (819) relative to all other age groups. The most common fracture etiology was fall(37.3%), and nasal bone fractures represented the most common fracture location(41.6%). χ 2 analyses revealed statistically significant associations between the anatomic location of CMF fracture incurred, and differing categories of age, admission source, race, sex, and etiology.
      Conclusion and Relevance: Our study shows that patients seen at our Midwestern Level 1 trauma center are more likely to present with nasal bone and malar/maxillary fractures due to falls. In studies based in urban centers, patients are likely to present with orbital and mandibular fractures due to falls and assault.
      (Copyright © 2024 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240325 Date Completed: 20240602 Latest Revision: 20240602
    • Publication Date:
      20240603
    • Accession Number:
      10.1016/j.joms.2024.03.002
    • Accession Number:
      38527728