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Unique and interactive effects of emotion regulation difficulties and perceived stress on COVID-19 traumatic stress, anxiety, and safety behavior use: A four-year prospective study.
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- Author(s): Jessup SC;Jessup SC; Adamis AM; Adamis AM; Rast CE; Rast CE; Cox RC; Cox RC; Olatunji BO; Olatunji BO
- Source:
Behaviour research and therapy [Behav Res Ther] 2024 May; Vol. 176, pp. 104503. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 16.- Publication Type:
Journal Article- Language:
English - Source:
- Additional Information
- Source: Publisher: Elsevier Science Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0372477 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-622X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00057967 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Behav Res Ther Subsets: MEDLINE
- Publication Information: Publication: Oxford : Elsevier Science
Original Publication: Oxford [etc.] - Subject Terms:
- Abstract: Given that emotion regulation difficulties confer risk for poor responses to stress, they may predict who is at risk for adverse psychological reactions to major, chronic stressors such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Specific adverse reactions to the pandemic may include more severe traumatic stress, anxiety, and excessive safety behavior use (i.e., hand washing). While emotion regulation difficulties may be a diathesis for adverse reactions to chronic stressors, the context(s) by which they may confer elevated risk is unclear. Accordingly, the present longitudinal study examined the interaction between pre-pandemic emotion regulation difficulties and early pandemic perceived stress in predicting subsequent COVID-related traumatic stress, anxiety, and safety behavior use over 32 weeks of the pandemic. Community adults (N = 145) who completed a measure of emotion regulation in 2016 as part of a larger study were recontacted at the start of the pandemic (March 2020) and assessed every two weeks for 32 weeks. Consistent with a diathesis-stress model, the interaction between difficulties in emotion regulation and perceived stress was significant in predicting COVID-19 anxiety (p = 0.003, d = 0.52) such that at high, but not low, levels of perceived stress, difficulties in emotion regulation in 2016 significantly predicted higher COVID-19 anxiety in 2020. The interaction between difficulties in emotion regulation in 2016 and perceived stress early in 2020 approached significance in predicting COVID-19 traumatic stress (p = 0.073, d = 0.31) and safety behavior use (p = 0.069, d = 0.31). These findings highlight that current perceived stress is an important context that potentiates the effects of preexisting emotion regulation difficulties on the emergence of anxiety-related symptoms during COVID-19, which has important implications for diathesis-stress models of adverse reactions to chronic stressors.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors do not declare any conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) - Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Anxiety; Coronavirus; Emotion regulation; Perceived stress; Traumatic stress
- Publication Date: Date Created: 20240322 Date Completed: 20240408 Latest Revision: 20240408
- Publication Date: 20240408
- Accession Number: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104503
- Accession Number: 38518395
- Source:
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