Cardiovascular Health in Black and Latino Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

Publisher: Lippincott-Ravn Publisher Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0376404 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1538-9847 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00296562 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nurs Res Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: <1998- >: Hagerstown, MD : Lippincott-Ravn Publisher
Original Publication: New York, American Journal of Nursing Co.

Cardiovascular Diseases*/prevention & control ; Cardiovascular Diseases*/ethnology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/ethnology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/psychology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/epidemiology ; Hispanic or Latino*/statistics & numerical data ; Hispanic or Latino*/psychology; Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult ; Black or African American/statistics & numerical data ; Black or African American/psychology ; Health Behavior/ethnology ; United States/epidemiology

Background: The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among U.S. adults has been rising annually, with a higher incidence rate in Black and Hispanic adults than in Whites. The American Heart Association (AHA) has defined cardiovascular health according to the achievement of seven health behaviors (smoking, body mass index [BMI], physical activity, diet) and health factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting glucose). Optimal cardiovascular health has been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, and awareness of this risk may influence healthy behaviors.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess cardiovascular health in a sample of Black and Hispanic adults (age: 18-40 years) with T2DM and explore the barriers and facilitators to diabetes self-management and cardiovascular health.
Methods: This was an explanatory sequential mixed-method design. The study staff recruited adults with T2DM for the quantitative data followed by qualitative interviews with a subsample of participants using maximum variation sampling. The seven indices of cardiovascular health as defined by the AHA's "Life's Simple 7" were assessed: health behaviors (smoking, BMI, physical activity, diet) and health factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure, A1C). Qualitative interviews were conducted to explore their results as well as the effects of the pandemic on diabetes self-management. Qualitative and quantitative data were integrated into the final analysis phase.
Results: The majority of the sample was female, with 63% identifying as Black and 47% as Hispanic. The factor with the lowest achievement of ideal levels was BMI, followed by a healthy diet. Less than half achieved ideal levels of blood pressure or physical activity. Themes that emerged from the qualitative data included the impact of social support, the effects of the pandemic on their lives, and educating themselves about T2DM.
Discussion: Achievement of ideal cardiovascular health factors varied, but the achievement of several health factors may be interrelated. Intervening on even one factor while providing social support may improve other areas of cardiovascular health in this population.
Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.
(Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

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K23 NR018888 United States NR NINR NIH HHS

Date Created: 20240318 Date Completed: 20240621 Latest Revision: 20240624

20240624

PMC11192611

10.1097/NNR.0000000000000730

38498851