Effects of age and diet consistency on the expression of myosin heavy-chain isoforms on jaw-closing and jaw-opening muscles in a rat model.

Publisher: Blackwell Scientific Publications Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0433604 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1365-2842 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0305182X NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Oral Rehabil Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications.

Aging*/physiology ; Aging*/metabolism ; Diet* ; Masticatory Muscles*/metabolism ; Masticatory Muscles*/physiology ; Myosin Heavy Chains*/metabolism; Animals ; Male ; Rats ; Age Factors ; Masseter Muscle/metabolism ; Masseter Muscle/physiology ; Protein Isoforms/metabolism ; Rats, Wistar ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism

Background: Skeletal craniofacial morphology can be influenced by changes in masticatory muscle function, which may also change the functional profile of the muscles.
Objectives: To investigate the effects of age and functional demands on the expression of Myosin Heavy-Chain (MyHC) isoforms in representative jaw-closing and jaw-opening muscles, namely the masseter and digastric muscles respectively.
Methods: Eighty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four age groups, namely an immature (n = 12; 4-week-old), early adult (n = 24; 16-week-old), adult (n = 24; 26-week-old) and mature adult (n = 24; 38-week-old) group. The three adult groups were divided into two subgroups each based on diet consistency; a control group fed a standard (hard) diet, and an experimental group fed a soft diet. Rats were sacrificed, and masseter and digastric muscles dissected. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to compare the mRNA transcripts of the MyHC isoforms-Myh7 (MyHC-I), Myh2 (MyHC-IIa), Myh4 (MyHC-IIb) and Myh1 (MyHC-IIx)-of deep masseter and digastric muscles.
Results: In the masseter muscle, hypofunction increases Myh1 (26, 38 weeks; p < .0001) but decreases Myh4 (26 weeks; p = .046) and Myh2 (26 weeks; p < .0001) expression in adult rats. In the digastric muscle, hypofunction increases Myh1 expression in the mature adult rats (38 weeks; p < .0001), while Myh2 expression decreases in adult rats (26 weeks; p = .021) as does Myh4 (26 weeks; p = .001). Myh7 expression is increased in the digastric muscle of mature adult rats subjected to hypofunction (38 weeks; p = <.0001), while it is very weakly expressed in the masseter.
Conclusion: In jaw-opening and jaw-closing muscles, differences in myosin expression between hard- and soft-diet-fed rats become evident in adulthood, suggesting that long-term alteration of jaw function is associated with changes in the expression of MyHC isoforms and potential fibre remodelling. This may give insight into the role of function on masticatory muscles and the resultant craniofacial morphology.
(© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

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31003A_176131 Swiss National Science Foundation (FNS)

Keywords: aging; jaw muscles; messenger RNA; myosin heavy chains; rats; soft diet

Date Created: 20240313 Date Completed: 20240427 Latest Revision: 20240516

20240516

10.1111/joor.13676

38475932