The Combined Contributions of Newborn Stress and Parenting Stress on Toddler Language Development.

Publisher: Mosby Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0375410 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1097-6833 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00223476 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Pediatr Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: St. Louis, MO : Mosby

Stress, Psychological* ; Parenting*/psychology ; Language Development*; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant ; Longitudinal Studies ; Adult ; Mother-Child Relations/psychology ; Mothers/psychology

Objective: To examine the longitudinal associations between newborn neurobehavioral stress signs, maternal parenting stress, and several indices of toddler language development.
Study Design: Participants include 202 mother-infant dyads (104 girls). We measured stress signs in neonates in the hospital at least 24 hours after birth using the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale. At 7 months, parenting stress (competence, attachment, and role restriction) was assessed using the Parenting Stress Index. At 18 months, mothers completed the Communicative Development Inventories, which measured toddler gesturing, expressive vocabulary, and receptive vocabulary. Longitudinal path modeling was used to estimate associations between neonatal stress signs, parenting stress, and toddler language, and a model was generated for each language outcome. Child sex, birth weight, and family income were included as covariates.
Results: Infants who exhibited greater neurobehavioral stress signs at birth produced significantly fewer social-communicative gestures at 18 months of age. Among infants whose mothers reported low (but not high) levels of parenting stress during the first postnatal year, newborn stress signs were negatively associated with 18-month-olds' receptive vocabulary size. Neither newborn stress signs nor parenting stress were significantly related to toddler expressive vocabulary size.
Conclusions: Our findings uncover a negative association between newborn stress signs and toddler gesturing. Furthermore, our results suggest that caregiver stress and neonatal stress signs interact to predict toddler receptive vocabulary. Taken together, these results demonstrate that some neonates who exhibit increased neurobehavioral stress signs may be at heightened risk for experiencing language difficulties. These children may benefit from additional support in infancy.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Funding: This manuscript is supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (grant/award numbers R21MH109777 and R01MH119070 awarded to S.C. and E.C.). The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Mental Health.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

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R01 MH119070 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS; R21 MH109777 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS

Date Created: 20240309 Date Completed: 20240613 Latest Revision: 20240615

20240615

PMC11176021

10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114006

38460711