On the gamma radiation response of commercially available 3D printing materials for medical dosimetry.

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  • Author(s): Alfuraih A;Alfuraih A; Kadri O; Kadri O; Fakhouri F; Fakhouri F
  • Source:
    Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine [Appl Radiat Isot] 2024 May; Vol. 207, pp. 111256. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 01.
  • Publication Type:
    Journal Article
  • Language:
    English
  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Pergamon Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9306253 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1872-9800 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09698043 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Appl Radiat Isot Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: Oxford ; New York : Pergamon Press, c1993-
    • Subject Terms:
      Radiometry* ; Printing, Three-Dimensional* ; Polymethacrylic Acids*; Humans ; Gamma Rays ; Polyesters ; Phantoms, Imaging
    • Abstract:
      3D printing technology has rapidly spread for decades, allowing the fabrication of medical implants and human phantoms and revolutionizing healthcare. The objective of this study is to evaluate some radiological properties of commercially available 3D printing materials as potential tissue mimicking materials. Among fifteen materials, we compared their properties with nine human tissues. In all materials and tissues, exposure and energy absorption buildup factors were calculated for photon energies between 0.015 and 15 MeV and penetration depths up to 40 mean free path. Furthermore, the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit (version 10.5) was used to simulate their percentage depth dose distributions. In addition, equivalent atomic numbers, effective atomic numbers, attenuation coefficients, and CT numbers have been examined. All parameters were considered in calculating the average relative error (σ), which was used as a statistical comparison tool. With σ between 6 and 7, we found that Polylactic Acid (PLA) was capable of simulating eye lenses, blood, soft tissue, lung, muscle, and brain tissues. Moreover, Polymethacrylic Acid (PMAA) material has a σ value of 4 when modeling adipose and breast tissues, respectively. Aside from that, variations in 3D printing materials' infilling percentage can affect their CT numbers. We therefore suggest the PLA for mimicking soft tissue, muscle, brain, eye lens, lung and blood tissues, with an infill of between 92.7 and 94.3 percent. We also suggest an 89 percent infill when simulating breast tissue. Furthermore, with a 96.7 percent infill, the PMAA faithfully replicates adipose tissue. Additionally, we found that a 59 percent infill of Fe-PLA material is comparable to cortical bone. Due to the benefits of creating individualized medical phantoms and equipment, the results might be seen as an added value for both patients and clinicians.
      Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
      (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: 3D printing; Buildup factor; GP-fitting method; Geant4; PDD
    • Accession Number:
      25087-26-7 (polymethacrylic acid)
      0 (Polyesters)
      0 (Polymethacrylic Acids)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240303 Date Completed: 20240320 Latest Revision: 20240320
    • Publication Date:
      20240320
    • Accession Number:
      10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111256
    • Accession Number:
      38432035