Ethanolamine as a biomarker and biomarker-based therapy for diabetic retinopathy in glucose-well-controlled diabetic patients.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Elsevier B.V. Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 101655530 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2095-9281 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20959273 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Bull (Beijing) Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: 2017- : Amsterdam : Beijing : Elsevier B.V. ; Science China Press
      Original Publication: Beijing : Berlin ; Heidelberg : Science China Press ; Springer-Verlag, 2015-
    • Subject Terms:
      Diabetic Retinopathy*/blood ; Diabetic Retinopathy*/diagnosis ; Diabetic Retinopathy*/epidemiology ; Biomarkers*/blood ; Ethanolamine*; Humans ; Animals ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis ; Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism ; Rats ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Prospective Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood ; Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Glycemic Control/methods
    • Abstract:
      Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness among the working-age population. Although controlling blood glucose levels effectively reduces the incidence and development of DR to less than 50%, there are currently no diagnostic biomarkers or effective treatments for DR development in glucose-well-controlled diabetic patients (GW-DR). In this study, we established a prospective GW-DR cohort by strictly adhering to glycemic control guidelines and maintaining regular retinal examinations over a median 2-year follow-up period. The discovery cohort encompassed 71 individuals selected from a pool of 292 recruited diabetic patients at baseline, all of whom consistently maintained hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels below 7% without experiencing hypoglycemia. Within this cohort of 71 individuals, 21 subsequently experienced new-onset GW-DR, resulting in an incidence rate of 29.6%. In the validation cohort, we also observed a significant GW-DR incidence rate of 17.9%. Employing targeted metabolomics, we investigated the metabolic characteristics of serum in GW-DR, revealing a significant association between lower levels of ethanolamine and GW-DR risk. This association was corroborated in the validation cohort, exhibiting superior diagnostic performance in distinguishing GW-DR from diabetes compared to the conventional risk factor HbA1c, with AUCs of 0.954 versus 0.506 and 0.906 versus 0.521 in the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively. Furthermore, in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model, ethanolamine attenuated diabetic retinal inflammation, accompanied by suppression of microglial diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent protein kinase C (PKC) pathway activation. In conclusion, we propose that ethanolamine is a potential biomarker and represents a viable biomarker-based therapeutic option for GW-DR.
      Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
      (Copyright © 2024 Science China Press. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Biomarker; Biomarker-based treatment; Diabetic retinopathy; Ethanolamine; Glucose-well-controlled diabetic patients; HbA1c
    • Accession Number:
      0 (Biomarkers)
      5KV86114PT (Ethanolamine)
      0 (Glycated Hemoglobin)
      0 (Blood Glucose)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240229 Date Completed: 20240629 Latest Revision: 20240629
    • Publication Date:
      20240630
    • Accession Number:
      10.1016/j.scib.2023.12.053
    • Accession Number:
      38423871