Tracking the immune response profiles elicited by the BNT162b2 vaccine in COVID-19 unexperienced and experienced individuals.

Item request has been placed! ×
Item request cannot be made. ×
loading   Processing Request
Read More Add to Saved list
  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Academic Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 100883537 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1521-7035 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15216616 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Clin Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: Orlando, FL : Academic Press, c1999-
    • Subject Terms:
      COVID-19*/prevention & control ; Vaccines*; Humans ; BNT162 Vaccine ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Vaccination ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral
    • Abstract:
      Multiple vaccines have been approved to control COVID-19 pandemic, with Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT162b2) being widely used. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of the immune response elicited after three doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in individuals who have previously experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection and in unexperienced ones. We conducted immunological analyses and single-cell transcriptomics of circulating T and B lymphocytes, combined to CITE-seq or LIBRA-seq, and VDJ-seq. We found that antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 Spike, NTD and RBD from wild-type, delta and omicron VoCs show comparable dynamics in both vaccination groups, with a peak after the second dose, a decline after six months and a restoration after the booster dose. The antibody neutralization activity was maintained, with lower titers against the omicron variant. Spike-specific memory B cell response was sustained over the vaccination schedule. Clonal analysis revealed that Spike-specific B cells were polyclonal, with a partial clone conservation from natural infection to vaccination. Spike-specific T cell responses were oriented towards effector and effector memory phenotypes, with similar trends in unexperienced and experienced individuals. The CD8 T cell compartment showed a higher clonal expansion and persistence than CD4 T cells. The first two vaccinations doses tended to induce new clones rather than promoting expansion of pre-existing clones. However, we identified a fraction of Spike-specific CD8 T cell clones persisting from natural infection that were boosted by vaccination and clones specifically induced by vaccination. Collectively, our observations revealed a moderate effect of the second dose in enhancing the immune responses elicited after the first vaccination. Differently, we found that a third dose was necessary to restore comparable levels of neutralizing antibodies and Spike-specific T and B cell responses in individuals who experienced a natural SARS-CoV-2 infection.
      Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Author Renata Grifantini is currently employed by CheckmAb Srl. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
      (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 vaccination; Single-cell multimodal longitudinal analysis; T and B cell memory to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination
    • Accession Number:
      0 (BNT162 Vaccine)
      0 (Vaccines)
      0 (Antibodies, Neutralizing)
      0 (Antibodies, Viral)
    • Subject Terms:
      SARS-CoV-2 variants
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240228 Date Completed: 20240318 Latest Revision: 20240410
    • Publication Date:
      20240411
    • Accession Number:
      10.1016/j.clim.2024.110164
    • Accession Number:
      38417765