Uncovering heterogeneity in mental health changes among first-year medical students.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9806550 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1087-2981 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10872981 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Med Educ Online Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: 2016- : Philadelphia, PA : Taylor & Francis
      Original Publication: [E. Lansing, MI] : Medical Education Online, [1996-
    • Subject Terms:
      Mental Health* ; Students, Medical*/psychology; Humans ; Health Status ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Personal Satisfaction
    • Abstract:
      Introduction: The initial year of medical school is linked to a decline in mental health. To assess mental health comprehensively, the dual-factor model posits the consideration of both psychopathology (e.g., depression) and positive mental health (e.g., well-being). Previous mental health research among medical students has primarily examined these two factors independently. This study uses the dual-factor approach for a deeper understanding of mental health changes during the first year of medical school.
      Methods: Students from eight German medical schools ( N  = 450) were surveyed three times (T0 = entering medical school, T1 = end of the first semester, T2 = end of the second semester) regarding depression (PHQ-9), well-being (subscale of FAHW-12), and general life satisfaction (German Single-Item Scale L1). Latent profile analysis was used to identify distinct mental health groups based on their combinations of psychopathology and positive mental health. We then analysed trajectories descriptively by examining the longitudinal stability and dynamics of mental health group membership during the first year of medical school.
      Results: We identified five mental health groups: (1) complete mental health, (2) moderately mentally healthy, (3) symptomatic but content, (4) vulnerable, and (5) troubled. The examination of change trajectories unveiled diverse paths pointing towards both recovery and deterioration. In comparison to the other groups, students belonging to the complete mental health group exhibited greater stability and a higher potential to recover after initial deteriorations in the first semester.
      Conclusions: Our study uncovers distinct mental health trajectories in the first year of medical school, emphasizing the crucial role of initial mental health status. Our findings stress the diverse nature of mental health changes in medical students, underscoring the need for tailored prevention strategies. The implications for research and practice are discussed.
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    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Medical students; dual-factor model; freshmen; latent profile analysis; mental health changes
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240223 Date Completed: 20240226 Latest Revision: 20240228
    • Publication Date:
      20240228
    • Accession Number:
      PMC10896144
    • Accession Number:
      10.1080/10872981.2024.2317493
    • Accession Number:
      38394063