Trichothecenes and Fumonisins: Key Players in Fusarium -Cereal Ecosystem Interactions.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101530765 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2072-6651 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20726651 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Toxins (Basel) Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel : MDPI

Fumonisins*/metabolism ; Fusarium*/genetics ; Fusarium*/metabolism ; Trichothecenes*/toxicity ; Trichothecenes*/metabolism ; Mycotoxins*/toxicity; Edible Grain/microbiology ; Ecosystem ; Plant Breeding ; Fungal Proteins/genetics ; Plant Diseases/microbiology

Fusarium fungi produce a diverse array of mycotoxic metabolites during the pathogenesis of cereals. Some, such as the trichothecenes and fumonisins, are phytotoxic, acting as non-proteinaceous effectors that facilitate disease development in cereals. Over the last few decades, we have gained some depth of understanding as to how trichothecenes and fumonisins interact with plant cells and how plants deploy mycotoxin detoxification and resistance strategies to defend themselves against the producer fungi. The cereal-mycotoxin interaction is part of a co-evolutionary dance between Fusarium and cereals, as evidenced by a trichothecene-responsive, taxonomically restricted, cereal gene competing with a fungal effector protein and enhancing tolerance to the trichothecene and resistance to DON-producing F. graminearum . But the binary fungal-plant interaction is part of a bigger ecosystem wherein other microbes and insects have been shown to interact with fungal mycotoxins, directly or indirectly through host plants. We are only beginning to unravel the extent to which trichothecenes, fumonisins and other mycotoxins play a role in fungal-ecosystem interactions. We now have tools to determine how, when and where mycotoxins impact and are impacted by the microbiome and microfauna. As more mycotoxins are described, research into their individual and synergistic toxicity and their interactions with the crop ecosystem will give insights into how we can holistically breed for and cultivate healthy crops.

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14/1A/2508 Ireland SFI_ Science Foundation Ireland

Keywords: Fusarium ear rot; Fusarium head blight; cereals; deoxynivalenol; insects; microbiome; trichothecene

7OO57LYZ5I (trichothecene)
0 (Fumonisins)
0 (Trichothecenes)
0 (Mycotoxins)
0 (Fungal Proteins)

Date Created: 20240223 Date Completed: 20240226 Latest Revision: 20240227

20240227

PMC10893083

10.3390/toxins16020090

38393168