Increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescents with high salivary levels of copper, manganese, and zinc.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 9212296 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1435-165X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10188827 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: 2010- : Heidelberg : Springer Medizin
      Original Publication: Toronto ; Lewiston, NY : Hogrefe & Huber, [1992-
    • Subject Terms:
      Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity*/metabolism ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity*/epidemiology ; Saliva*/chemistry ; Zinc*/analysis ; Zinc*/metabolism ; Copper*/analysis ; Manganese*/analysis; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Adolescent ; Case-Control Studies ; Child
    • Abstract:
      Exposure to toxic heavy metals has been associated with the development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, fewer studies have examined the associations between abnormal levels of essential trace metals and ADHD, and none have done so using saliva. We investigated whether salivary metals were associated with ADHD in adolescents aged 12 from the Family Life Project (FLP) using a nested case-control study design that included 110 adolescents who met diagnostic criteria for inattentive (ADHD-I), hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-H), or combined type ADHD (ADHD-C) (cases) and 173 children who did not (controls). We used inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry to measure chromium, copper, manganese, and zinc in saliva samples. We employed logistic regression models to examine associations between quartile levels of individual metals and ADHD outcomes by subtype. Salivary copper levels were significantly associated with increased odds of any ADHD diagnosis (OR = 3.31, 95% CI: 1.08-10.12; p = 0.04) and with increased odds of ADHD-C diagnosis (OR = 8.44, 95% CI: 1.58-45.12; p = 0.01). Salivary zinc levels were significantly associated with increased odds of ADHD-C diagnosis (OR = 4.06, 95% CI: 1.21-13.69; p = 0.02). Salivary manganese levels were also significantly associated with increased odds of ADHD-C diagnosis (OR = 5.43, 95% CI: 1.08-27.27, p = 0.04). This is the first study using saliva to assess metal exposure and provide a potential link between salivary levels of copper, manganese, and zinc and ADHD diagnoses in adolescents. Public health interventions focused on metal exposures might reduce ADHD incidence in low-income, minority communities.
      (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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    • Grant Information:
      P01 HD039667 United States HD NICHD NIH HHS; T32NS070201 United States NH NIH HHS; P01HD039667 United States NH NIH HHS
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder; Metals; Saliva; Subtype
    • Accession Number:
      J41CSQ7QDS (Zinc)
      789U1901C5 (Copper)
      42Z2K6ZL8P (Manganese)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240214 Date Completed: 20240925 Latest Revision: 20240928
    • Publication Date:
      20240928
    • Accession Number:
      PMC11424719
    • Accession Number:
      10.1007/s00787-024-02381-2
    • Accession Number:
      38353679