Gram-negative Bacteria are Associated With Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Chronic Otitis Media.

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8607378 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1531-4995 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0023852X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Laryngoscope Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: <2009- >: Philadelphia, PA : Wiley-Blackwell
Original Publication: St. Louis, Mo. : [s.n., 1896-

Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections*/complications ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear*/complications ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear*/microbiology ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear*/pathology ; Otitis Media, Suppurative*/complications ; Otitis Media, Suppurative*/microbiology ; Otitis Media, Suppurative*/pathology ; Bacteria*/classification ; Bacteria*/isolation & purification; Retrospective Studies ; Humans ; Monocytes/pathology ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/microbiology ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/pathology ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged

Object: Chronic otitis media (COM) is an inflammatory disease that commonly presents with otorrhea and hearing loss. Bacteria-induced inflammation can cause inner ear damage, leading to sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). This study aimed to compare the prevalence and severity of SNHL in patients with gram-negative versus gram-positive cultures and examine associations between the concentrations of circulating monocytes and neutrophils with bacteria species and SNHL.
Methods: This was a retrospective study. Cholesteatoma or chronic suppurative otitis media patients with otorrhea were enrolled. Middle ear secretions were collected using sterile swabs under an otoscope, and sent for bacterial detection within 30 min. Pure tone audiometry and circulating leukocyte counts were recorded and analyzed in patients infected with different pathogens. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors associated with SNHL.
Results: A total of 137 patients were enrolled, including 45 patients infected with gram-negative bacteria, 41 with gram-positive bacteria, 20 with polymicrobial infection, and 31 with no bacterial growth. Logistic regression analysis showed that bacterial culture positive infections (OR = 7.265, 95% CI 2.219-23.786, p = 0.001) were an independent risk factor for SNHL. Patients with gram-negative bacteria had higher risks of SNHL (p < 0.0001) and more severe hearing loss (p = 0.005) than those with gram-positive bacteria. COM patients infected with gram-negative bacteria showed an increase in circulating monocytes, which correlated with the occurrence of SNHL (p = 0.0343).
Conclusion: Gram-negative bacteria are associated with elevated circulating monocyte counts and have a higher risk of severe SNHL.
Level of Evidence: 4 Laryngoscope, 134:3335-3341, 2024.
(© 2024 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.)

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2021A1515010338 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province; 2022A1515012436 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province; 82171123 National Natural Science Foundation of China; 202102010340 Guangzhou Municipal and University Joint Funding Program; SYSQ-202106 Sun Yat-sen Clinical Research Training Program of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital

Keywords: SNHL; bacterial infection; chronic otitis media (COM); circulating monocytes

Date Created: 20240209 Date Completed: 20241022 Latest Revision: 20241022

20241022

10.1002/lary.31322

38332523