Short-term exposure to extreme temperature and outpatient visits for respiratory diseases among children in the northern city of China: a time-series study.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100968562 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2458 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712458 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001-

Respiration Disorders*/epidemiology ; Respiration Disorders*/therapy ; Respiratory Tract Diseases*/epidemiology ; Respiratory Tract Diseases*/therapy; Child ; Humans ; Temperature ; Outpatients ; Cold Temperature ; Hot Temperature ; China/epidemiology

Background: Although studies have indicated that extreme temperature is strongly associated with respiratory diseases, there is a dearth of studies focused on children, especially in China. We aimed to explore the association between extreme temperature and children's outpatient visits for respiratory diseases and seasonal modification effects in Harbin, China.
Methods: A distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was used to explore the effect of extreme temperature on daily outpatient visits for respiratory diseases among children, as well as lag effects and seasonal modification effects.
Results: Extremely low temperatures were defined as the 1st percentile and 2.5th percentile of temperature. Extremely high temperatures were defined as the 97.5th percentile and 99th percentile of temperature. At extremely high temperatures, both 26 °C (97.5th) and 27 °C (99th) showed adverse effects at lag 0-6 days, with relative risks (RRs) of 1.34 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21-1.48] and 1.38 (95% CI: 1.24-1.53), respectively. However, at extremely low temperatures, both - 26 °C (1st) and - 23 °C (2.5th) showed protective effects on children's outpatient visits for respiratory diseases at lag 0-10 days, with RRs of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.76-0.97) and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.75-0.95), respectively. We also found seasonal modification effects, with the association being stronger in the warm season than in the cold season at extremely high temperatures.
Conclusions: Our study indicated that extremely hot temperatures increase the risk of children's outpatient visits for respiratory diseases. Efforts to reduce the exposure of children to extremely high temperatures could potentially alleviate the burden of pediatric respiratory diseases, especially during the warm season.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

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No. 2020A1515011161 Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province; No. A2023135 Guangdong Medical Scientific Research Foundation of China

Keywords: Children; Distributed lag nonlinear model; Extreme temperature; Outpatient visits; Respiratory diseases

Date Created: 20240202 Date Completed: 20240205 Latest Revision: 20240209

20240210

PMC10832290

10.1186/s12889-024-17814-5

38302889