Aflatoxin Decontamination in Maize Steep Liquor Obtained from Bioethanol Production Using Laccases from Species within the Basidiomycota Phylum.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101530765 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2072-6651 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20726651 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Toxins (Basel) Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel : MDPI

Aflatoxins* ; Basidiomycota*; Animals ; Zea mays ; Decontamination ; Laccase ; Vanillic Acid

Maize ( Zea mays L.) is an important crop in Argentina. Aspergillus section Flavi can infect this crop at the pre-harvest stage, and the harvested grains can be contaminated with aflatoxins (AFs). During the production of bioethanol from maize, AF levels can increase up to three times in the final co-products, known as, dry and wet distiller's grain with solubles (DDGS and WDGS), intended for animal feed. Fungal enzymes like laccases can be a useful tool for reducing AF contamination in the co-products obtained from this process. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of laccase enzymes included in enzymatic extracts (EE) produced by different species in the Basidiomycota phylum to reduce AF (AFB 1 and AFB 2 ) accumulation under the conditions of in vitro assays. Four laccase activities (5, 10, 15, and 20 U/mL) exerted by nine isolates were evaluated in the absence and presence of vanillic acid (VA), serving as a laccase redox mediator for the degradation of total AFs. The enzymatic stability in maize steep liquor (MSL) was confirmed after a 60 h incubation period. The most effective EE in terms of reducing AF content in the buffer was selected for an additional assay carried out under the same conditions using maize steep liquor obtained after the saccharification stage during the bioethanol production process. The highest degradation percentages were observed at 20 U/mL of laccase enzymatic activity and 1 mM of VA, corresponding to 26% for AFB 1 and 26.6% for AFB 2. The present study provides valuable data for the development of an efficient tool based on fungal laccases for preventing AF accumulation in the co-products of bioethanol produced from maize used for animal feed.

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PIBAA 2022-1930-APN-DIR#CONICET Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; PIP CONICET 11220200100560CO Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; PUE 22920200100004CO Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Keywords: aflatoxins; bioethanol co-products; decontamination; laccases; maize

EC 1.10.3.2 (Laccase)
0 (Aflatoxins)
GM8Q3JM2Y8 (Vanillic Acid)

Date Created: 20240122 Date Completed: 20240123 Latest Revision: 20241023

20241023

PMC10819231

10.3390/toxins16010027

38251243