Detection of Coxiella burnetii in the mammary gland of a dairy goat.

Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 8100520 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-7446 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01657380 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Vet Res Commun Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: [Cham] : Springer
Original Publication: [Amsterdam] : Elsevier, 1980-

Goats* ; Coxiella burnetii*/isolation & purification ; Coxiella burnetii*/genetics ; Goat Diseases*/microbiology ; Goat Diseases*/diagnosis ; Mammary Glands, Animal*/microbiology ; Q Fever*/veterinary ; Q Fever*/microbiology ; Milk*/microbiology; Animals ; Female ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary ; Dairying

The zoonotic bacterium Coxiella (C.) burnetii can be excreted by infected goats through birth products and milk. The detection of C. burnetii DNA in the mammary gland tissue of infected dairy goats and intermittent milk shedders has been reported, but confirmation of C. burnetii bacteria in the udder remained pending. The pathogen caused abortions in a 152-head dairy goat herd, resulting in the vaccination against C. burnetii of the entire herd with annual boosters. To monitor the C. burnetii shedding at herd level, monthly bulk tank milk (BTM) samples were analyzed using PCR (IS1111). Despite vaccination, C. burnetii DNA was detected in BTM samples within the first 16 months of the study. Therefore, individual milk samples were tested on four different occasions several months apart to identify potential intermittent milk shedders. Only one goat (#67455) tested positive three times. This goat was necropsied to investigate the presence of C. burnetii in the udder and other organs. PCR detected C. burnetii DNA solely in both mammary glands and the left teat cistern. Immunohistological examination identified C. burnetii antigen in mammary gland tissue, confirmed by the detection of C. burnetii bacteria in the mammary epithelial cells using fluorescence in situ hybridization. The removal of goat #67455 led to negative BTM samples until the end of the study. The findings demonstrate the occurrence of C. burnetii in the mammary gland of a naturally infected and vaccinated goat. The presence possibly contributed to intermittent milk shedding of goat #67455, and the mammary gland tissue may serve as a replicative niche for C. burnetii.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

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Keywords: Bulk tank milk; Fluorescence in situ hybridization; Goat; Q fever; Udder; Zoonosis

Date Created: 20240118 Date Completed: 20240603 Latest Revision: 20240607

20240607

PMC11147866

10.1007/s11259-023-10233-8

38236458