Carnosine supplementation improves glucose control in adults with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 9111474 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1590-3729 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09394753 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: 2005- : Amsterdam : Elsevier
      Original Publication: [Heidelberg] : Springer International, c1991-
    • Subject Terms:
      Carnosine*/therapeutic use ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/diagnosis ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/drug therapy ; Prediabetic State*/diagnosis ; Prediabetic State*/drug therapy; Adult ; Humans ; Blood Glucose ; Dietary Supplements ; Glucose
    • Abstract:
      Background and Aims: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Carnosine, a naturally occurring dipeptide, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-glycating effects, with preliminary evidence suggesting it may improve important chronic disease risk factors in adults with cardiometabolic conditions.
      Methods and Results: In this randomised controlled trial, 43 adults (30%F) living with prediabetes or T2DM consumed carnosine (2 g) or a matching placebo daily for 14 weeks to evaluate its effect on glucose metabolism assessed via a 2-h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Secondary outcomes included body composition analysis by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), calf muscle density by pQCT, and anthropometry. Carnosine supplementation decreased blood glucose at 90 min (-1.31 mmol/L; p = 0.02) and 120 min (-1.60 mmol/L, p = 0.02) and total glucose area under the curve (-3.30 mmol/L; p = 0.04) following an oral glucose tolerance test. There were no additional changes in secondary outcomes. The carnosine group results remained significant before and after adjustment for age, sex, and change in weight (all>0.05), and in further sensitivity analyses accounting for missing data. There were no significant changes in insulin levels.
      Conclusion: This study provides preliminary support for larger trials evaluating carnosine as a potential treatment for prediabetes and the initial stages of T2DM. Likely mechanisms may include changes to hepatic glucose output explaining the observed reduction in blood glucose without changes in insulin secretion following carnosine supplementation.
      Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors report no conflicts of interest. Flamma Group provided the carnosine for the intervention, but then had no input on the design, conduct, analysis, or reporting of the study.
      (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Anthropometry; Carnosine; Clinical trial; Diabetes; Diabetes treatment; Histidine containing dipeptides; Muscle quality
    • Accession Number:
      0 (Blood Glucose)
      8HO6PVN24W (Carnosine)
      IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240103 Date Completed: 20240304 Latest Revision: 20240401
    • Publication Date:
      20240401
    • Accession Number:
      10.1016/j.numecd.2023.10.012
    • Accession Number:
      38172006