Nucleotides as Bacterial Second Messengers.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 100964009 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1420-3049 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14203049 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Molecules Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, c1995-

Second Messenger Systems*/physiology ; Cyclic GMP*; Signal Transduction/physiology ; Bacteria ; Cyclic AMP ; Nucleotides, Cyclic ; Bacterial Proteins

In addition to comprising monomers of nucleic acids, nucleotides have signaling functions and act as second messengers in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The most common example is cyclic AMP (cAMP). Nucleotide signaling is a focus of great interest in bacteria. Cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP), cAMP, and cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) participate in biological events such as bacterial growth, biofilm formation, sporulation, cell differentiation, motility, and virulence. Moreover, the cyclic-di-nucleotides (c-di-nucleotides) produced in pathogenic intracellular bacteria can affect eukaryotic host cells to allow for infection. On the other hand, non-cyclic nucleotide molecules pppGpp and ppGpp are alarmones involved in regulating the bacterial response to nutritional stress; they are also considered second messengers. These second messengers can potentially be used as therapeutic agents because of their immunological functions on eukaryotic cells. In this review, the role of c-di-nucleotides and cAMP as second messengers in different bacterial processes is addressed.

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Keywords: bacteria; cyclic AMP; cyclic di-AMP; cyclic di-GMP; pppGpp; second messengers

H2D2X058MU (Cyclic GMP)
E0399OZS9N (Cyclic AMP)
0 (Nucleotides, Cyclic)
0 (Bacterial Proteins)

Date Created: 20231223 Date Completed: 20231225 Latest Revision: 20231225

20231225

PMC10745434

10.3390/molecules28247996

38138485