Bone mass, fracture risk, and associated factors in postmenopausal women living with HIV.

Publisher: Lippincott-Raven Publishers Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9433353 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1530-0374 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10723714 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Menopause Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: Hagerstown, MD : Lippincott-Raven Publishers
Original Publication: New York, NY : Raven Press, c1994-

Osteoporotic Fractures*/epidemiology ; Osteoporotic Fractures*/etiology ; Osteoporosis*/complications ; Hip Fractures* ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic*/complications ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic*/epidemiology ; HIV Infections*/complications ; HIV Infections*/drug therapy; Female ; Humans ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Density ; Cohort Studies ; Postmenopause ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Absorptiometry, Photon ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Risk Factors

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of low bone mass (osteopenia/osteoporosis), the factors associated with low bone mass, and the risk of fractures in Brazilian postmenopausal women living with HIV (WLH) in the Amazon region.
Methods: This is a cohort study with a cross-sectional assessment at baseline conducted between March 2021 to August 2022 with 100 postmenopausal WLH undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) between 45 and 60 years of age and 100 age-matched HIV-negative women. Data on bone mineral density in the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) were collected using dual x-ray absorptiometry and the 10-year risk of hip and major osteoporotic fractures was assessed using the Fracture Risk Assessment tool (FRAX).
Results: The age of menopause onset occurred earlier in WLH ( P < 0.001). No differences in prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in LS and FN were observed except for a lower T score in FN in WLH ( P = 0.039). The FRAX for major osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture were low in both groups, despite the mean of both FRAX scores was higher in WLH ( P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that years since menopause onset, higher body mass index and higher FRAX major osteoporotic fracture were associated with the WLH group, while a higher frequency of physical activity was registered in the HIV-negative group. Multivariate analysis also showed that in WLH, a lower T score in FN was associated with years since menopause onset and body mass index and that the number of years since menopause onset was associated with a lower T score in the LS and a higher score in the FRAX hip fracture.
Conclusions: Our findings show a high prevalence of low bone mass (osteopenia/osteoporosis) in Brazilian postmenopausal women from the Amazon region. Women living with HIV have higher FRAX scores than HIV-negative women and a lower T score in the FN.
Competing Interests: Financial disclosures/conflicts of interest: None reported.
(Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The Menopause Society.)

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Date Created: 20231219 Date Completed: 20240101 Latest Revision: 20240101

20240102

10.1097/GME.0000000000002293

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