Entomological surveillance reveals transmission of malaria but not lymphatic filariasis in two communities in North-West Nigeria.

Publisher: Springer International Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 8703571 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-1955 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09320113 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Parasitol Res Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Berlin : Springer International, c1987-

Anopheles*/parasitology ; Elephantiasis, Filarial*/epidemiology ; Malaria* ; Plasmodium*; Animals ; Humans ; Mosquito Vectors/parasitology ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; Sporozoites ; Wuchereria bancrofti ; Random Allocation

Malaria and lymphatic filariasis (LF) are two serious public health challenges in sub-Saharan Africa, and both diseases are transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. Successful control of both diseases requires detailed information on transmission dynamics; thus, this study investigated malaria and LF transmission indices in two (2) communities (Jidawa and Kargo) in North-West Nigeria. Anopheles mosquitoes were sampled from twenty-five (25) randomly selected houses from each of the two communities using pyrethrum spray collection (PSC). The samples were identified morphologically and molecularly characterised using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Human biting rate (HBR), indoor resting density (IRD), sporozoite rate (SR) and entomological inoculation rate (EIR) were calculated using standard formulae. The thorax region of the collected samples were dissected and smeared; then, Plasmodium and Wuchereria bancrofti parasites were identified using microscopy. A total of 2417 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected, and all were identified morphologically as An. gambiae s.l. Further molecular identification of sibling species revealed that An. gambiae and An. arabiensis were the only sibling species present. A total of 818 Anopheles mosquitoes were screened for Plasmodium and Wuchereria bancrofti parasites. A total of 180 samples were positive for Plasmodium parasites (Jidawa = 151; Kargo = 29), and none was positive for W. bancrofti (0%). Result of entomological indices for malaria transmission showed that indoor resting density was higher in Jidawa (10 mosquitoes/room/night) while human biting rate (2.07 bites/person/night), sporozoite rate (29.3%) and entomological inoculation rate (0.61) were higher in Kargo. In total, 35.2% of the samples were blood-fed while 67.4% were parous. There is active transmission of malaria in the two communities but not LF, suggesting the effectiveness of mass drug administration for LF. Concerted efforts should be focused on malaria control as transmission of the disease persists.
(© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

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Keywords: Anopheles mosquitoes; Entomological indices; Entomological surveillance; Lymphatic filariasis; Malaria; Nigeria

Date Created: 20231210 Date Completed: 20240208 Latest Revision: 20240208

20240208

10.1007/s00436-023-08078-w

38072836