Effects of greenness in university campuses on test anxiety among Chinese university students during COVID-19 lockdowns: a correlational and mediation analysis.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9106628 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1369-1619 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09603123 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Environ Health Res Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: London : Informa Healthcare
      Original Publication: London : Chapman & Hall, c1991-
    • Subject Terms:
      COVID-19*/psychology ; COVID-19*/prevention & control ; COVID-19*/epidemiology ; Students*/psychology ; Students*/statistics & numerical data; Humans ; Universities ; China/epidemiology ; Male ; Female ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Young Adult ; Test Anxiety/psychology ; Test Anxiety/epidemiology ; Mediation Analysis ; Adult ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Exercise/psychology ; Adolescent
    • Abstract:
      The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlations of greenness exposure with test anxiety among university students during COVID-19 lockdowns and to explore their mechanisms. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 2609 university students in Anhui and Shandong provinces, China. We assessed perceived campus greenness using a five-point Likert scale for quality, visibility, abundance, usage, and accessibility. Objective greenness was estimated via average normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) in 1,000-, 1,500-, and 2,000-m radius zones around each of the campuses. A generalised linear mixed model examined the associations between greenness and test anxiety and to evaluate the mediation effects of physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and air pollution. Results showed that higher NDVI1500-m correlated with lower test anxiety (OR = 0.871; 95% CI: 0.851, 0.891), physical activity may partially mediate this association. Increased campus greenness may alleviate test anxiety among Chinese university students.
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Greenness; perceived campus greenness; test anxiety
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20231011 Date Completed: 20240429 Latest Revision: 20240429
    • Publication Date:
      20240430
    • Accession Number:
      10.1080/09603123.2023.2263382
    • Accession Number:
      37820697