Horse Whole Blood Trace Elements from Different Sicily Areas: Biomonitoring of Environmental Risk.

Publisher: Humana Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7911509 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1559-0720 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01634984 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biol Trace Elem Res Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: [London, Clifton, N. J.] Humana Press.

Trace Elements*/blood ; Trace Elements*/analysis ; Biological Monitoring*; Horses ; Animals ; Sicily ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Mercury/blood ; Mercury/analysis

Horses are excellent bioindicators for the assessment of environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels and potential bioaccumulation of 28 mineral elements in 75 horse whole blood samples collected from five pollution-prone areas of Sicily, Italy. A direct mercury analyzer (DMA-80) was used for Hg determination, and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) for all other elements. A one-way ANOVA test, followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison for post hoc comparison, was applied to assess statistically significant differences between mineral elements and the five experimental groups. The levels of mineral elements in hay and concentrate were below the limits set by Regulation No. 744/2012. The mineral content of whole blood samples was slightly influenced by the region of origin of the horse. p values < 0.05 were statistically meaningful. However, the concentrations of mineral elements in horses' whole blood remained within reference ranges. In conclusion, the present study shows that the mineral content does not represent a toxicological risk for the analyzed horses. In addition, the study areas did not appear to show a high mineral element contamination.
(© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Licata P, Trombetta D, Cristani M, Naccari C, Martino D, Caló M, Naccari F (2005) Heavy metals in liver and muscle of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) caught in the straits of Messina (Sicily, Italy). Environ Monit Assess 107(1):239–248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-2382-1. (PMID: 10.1007/s10661-005-2382-116418915)
Al-Fartusie FS, Mohssan SN (2017) Essential trace elements and their vital roles in human body. Indian J Adv Chem Sci 5:127–136.
Stankovic S, Stankovic R (2013) Bioindicators of toxic metals. green materials for energy, products and depollution. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6836-9_5.
Di Bella G, Pizzullo G, Bua GD, Potortì AG, Santini A, Giacobbe S (2018) Mapping toxic mineral contamination: the southern oyster drill, S. haemastoma (L., 1767), as evaluable sentinel species. Environ Monit Assess 190(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6380-x.
Maia L, De Souza MV, Fernandes RBA, Fontes MPF, de Souza Vianna MW, Luz WV (2006) Heavy metals in horse blood, serum, and feed in Minas Gerais, Brazil. J Equine Vet Sci 26(12):578–583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2006.11.007. (PMID: 10.1016/j.jevs.2006.11.007)
Perillo L, Arfuso F, Piccione G, Dara S, Tropia E, Cascone G, Licitra F, Monteverde V (2021) Quantification of some heavy metals in hair of dairy cows housed in different areas from Sicily as a bioindicator of environmental exposure - a preliminary study. Animals 11:2268. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11082268. (PMID: 10.3390/ani11082268344387268388440)
Jaishankar M, Tseten T, Anbalagan N, Mathew BB, Beeregowda KN (2014) Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals. Interdiscip Toxicol 7(2):60–72. https://doi.org/10.2478/intox-2014-0009. (PMID: 10.2478/intox-2014-0009261098814427717)
Briffa J, Sinagra E, Blundell R (2020) Heavy metal pollution in the environment and their toxicological effects on humans. Heliyon 6(9):e04691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04691. (PMID: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04691329641507490536)
Altinok-Yipel F, Yipel M, Altug N (2022) Element concentrations in horse blood and relation between age, gender, breed, hematological and biochemical parameters. J Appl Biol Sci 16(3):434–446. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7114040. (PMID: 10.5281/zenodo.7114040)
Choiniere J, Wang L (2016) Exposure to inorganic arsenic can lead to gut microbe perturbations and hepatocellular carcinoma. Acta Pharm Sin B 6(5):426–429. (PMID: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.07.011277090115045549)
Kienzle E, Möllmann F, Nater S, Wanner M, Wichert B (2008) Mineral content of hay harvested in Bavarian and Swiss horse farms. Predictive value of cutting time, number of cut, botanical composition, origin and fertilization. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 92(6):712–717. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00769.x. (PMID: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00769.x)
Interdonato M, Bitto A, Pizzino G, Irrera N, Pallio G, Mecchio A, Cuspilici A, Minutoli L, Altavilla D, Squadrito F (2014) Levels of heavy metals in adolescents living in the industrialised area of Milazzo-Valle del Mela (northern Sicily). J Environ Public Health:326845. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/326845.
Casteel SW (2001) Metal toxicosis in horses. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 17(3):517–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30049-4. (PMID: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30049-411780284)
Asano R, Suzuki K, Otsuka T, Otsuka M, Sakurai H (2002) Concentrations of toxic metals and essential minerals in the mane hair of healthy racing horses and their relation to age. J Vet Med Sci 64(7):607–610. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.64.607. (PMID: 10.1292/jvms.64.60712185315)
Giannetto C, Fazio F, Nava V, Arfuso F, Piccione G, Coelho C, Gugliandolo E, Licata P (2021) Data on multiple regression analysis between boron, nickel, arsenic, antimony, and biological substates in horses: the role of heamtological biomarkers. J Biochem Mol Toxicol:e22955. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.22955.
Kabu M, Akosman MS (2013) Biological effects of boron. Rev Envir Contamin Toxicol:57–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6470-9_2.
Organization WH (1996) Trace elements in human nutrition and health: World Health Organization https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/37931.
Newkirk CE, Gagnon ZE, Pavel Sizemore IE (2014) Comparative study of hematological responses to platinum group metals, antimony and silver nanoparticles in animal models. J Envir Sci Health, Part A 49(3):269–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2014.846589. (PMID: 10.1080/10934529.2014.846589)
Jin E, Li S, Ren M, Hu Q, Gu Y, Li K (2017) Boron affects immune function through modulation of splenic T lymphocyte subsets, cytokine secretion, and lymphocyte proliferation and apoptosis in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 178(2):261–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-017-0932-3. (PMID: 10.1007/s12011-017-0932-328092075)
Geyikoglu F, Turkez H (2008) Boron compounds reduce vanadium tetraoxide genotoxicity in human lymphocytes. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 26(3):342–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2008.07.002. (PMID: 10.1016/j.etap.2008.07.00221791386)
Horiguchi H, Sato T, Kumada H, Yamamoto T, Sakae T (2015) Estimation of relative biological effectiveness for boron neutron capture therapy using the PHITS code coupled with a microdosimetric kinetic model. J Radiat Res 56(2):382–390. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rru109. (PMID: 10.1093/jrr/rru10925428243)
Rajaganapathy V, Xavier F, Sreekumar D, Mandal P (2011) Heavy metal contamination in soil, water and fodder and their presence in livestock and products: a review. J Environ Sci Technol 4(3):234–249. https://doi.org/10.3923/jest.2011.234.249. (PMID: 10.3923/jest.2011.234.249)
Saez Duarte R, Pasqual A (2000) Availability of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) in soils, plants and human hair. Ener Agricul 15(1):46–57.
Guglick MA, MacAllister CG, Chandra AM, Edwards WC, Qualls CW, Stephens DH (1995) Mercury toxicosis caused by ingestion of a blistering compound in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 206(2):210–214. (PMID: 10.2460/javma.1995.206.02.2107751224)
Aitken P (2001) Selenium toxicity. Practice 23(5):286–289. (PMID: 10.1136/inpract.23.5.286)
Daunderer M (1990) Handbuch der Umweltgifte. Erg. lief. II-2.5 (1990/1992)[8 ff.] 1990.
Fazio F, Gugliandolo E, Nava V, Piccione G, Giannetto C, Licata P (2020) Bioaccumulation of mineral elements in different biological substrates of athletic horse from Messina, Italy. Animals 10(10):1877. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101877. (PMID: 10.3390/ani10101877330666687602457)
Skibniewska EM, Skibniewski M (2023) Mercury contents in the liver, kidneys and hair of domestic cats from the Warsaw Metropolitan Area. Applied Sciences 13(1):269. (PMID: 10.3390/app13010269)
Fazio F, Piccione G, Tribulato K, Ferrantelli V, Giangrosso G, Arfuso F, Faggio C (2014) Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in blood and tissue of striped mullet in two Italian lakes. J Aquat Anim Health 26:278–284. (PMID: 10.1080/08997659.2014.93887225369146)
Di Bella G, Potortì AG, Beltifa A, Ben Mansour H, Nava V, Lo Turco V (2021) Discrimination of Tunisian honey by mineral and trace element chemometrics profiling. Foods 10:724–736 https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10040724. (PMID: 10.3390/foods10040724338055558065793)
Di Bella G, Licata P, Potortì AG, Crupi R, Nava V, Benameur Q, Rando R, Bartolomeo G, Dugo G, Lo Turco V (2020) Mineral content and physico-chemical parameters of honey from North regions of Algeria. Nat Prod Res:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2020.1791110.
Di Bella G, Tardugno R, Cicero N (2018) Investigation of Hg Content by a rapid analytical technique in Mediterranean Pelagic Fishes. Separations 5(51):1–6. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations5040051. (PMID: 10.3390/separations5040051)
Jebara A, Lo Turco V, Faggio C, Licata P, Nava V, Potortì AG, Crupi R, Mansour HB, Di Bella G (2021) Monitoring of environmental Hg occurrence in Tunisian coastal areas. Int J Envir Res Pub Health. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105202.
Rudy M, Znamirowska A, Zin M (2007) Level of accumulation of selected heavy metals in horse tissue as a function of age. Med Weter 63:1303–1306.
Wahl L, Vervuert I (2022) Commercial hair analysis in horses: a tool to assess mineral intake? J Equine Vet Sci 119:104145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104145. (PMID: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.10414536283587)
Commission Regulation (EU) No 744/2012 of 16 August 2012 amending Annexes I and II to Directive 2002/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum levels for arsenic, fluorine, lead, mercury, endosulfan, dioxins, Ambrosia spp., diclazuril and lasalocid A sodium and action thresholds for dioxins.
Kao L, Rusyniak D (2016) Chronic poisoning: trace metals and others. Goldman-Cecil Medicine, 25th edn. Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia, PA.
López-Rodríguez G, Galván M, González-Unzaga M, Ávila JH, Pérez-Labra M (2017) Blood toxic metals and hemoglobin levels in Mexican children. Environ Monit Assess 189(4):179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-5886-6. (PMID: 10.1007/s10661-017-5886-628342047)
Souza MVD, Fontes MPF, Fernandes RBA (2014) Heavy metals in equine biological components. R Bras Zootec 43(2):60–66. (PMID: 10.1590/S1516-35982014000200002)
Wichert B, Frank T, Kienzle E (2002) Zinc, copper and selenium intake and status of horses in Bavaria. J Nutr 132:1176S–1777S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.6.1776S. (PMID: 10.1093/jn/132.6.1776S)
Micromedex (2011) Healthcare series. Thomson Reuters (Healthcare) Inc, Greenwood Village.
Kalashnikov VV, Zajcev AM, Atroshchenko MM, Miroshnikov SA, Zavyalov OA, Frolov AN, Skalny AV (2019) Assessment of gender effects and reference values of mane hair trace element content in English thoroughbred horses (North Caucasus, Russia) using ICP-DRC-MS. Biol Trace Elem Res 191(2):382–388. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-1634-9. (PMID: 10.1007/s12011-019-1634-930635847)
Dede S, Deger Y, Deger S, Tanritanir P (2008) Plasma levels of zinc, copper, copper/zinc ratio and activity of carbonic anhydrase in equine piroplasmosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 125:41–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-008-8136-5. (PMID: 10.1007/s12011-008-8136-518677582)
Streeter RM, Divers TJ, Mittel L, Korn E, Wakshlag JJ (2012) Selenium deficiency associations with gender, breed, serum vitamin E and creatine kinase, clinical signs and diagnoses in horses of different age groups: a retrospective examination 1996-2011. Equine Vet J 44(43):21–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00643.x. (PMID: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00643.x)
Marçal Silva MD, Ferreira Araújo AS, Pinheiro Leal Nunes LA, de Melo WJ, Pratap Singh R (2013) Heavy metals in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) after tannery sludge compost amendment. Chilean j agric res 73(3):282–287. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392013000300011. (PMID: 10.4067/S0718-58392013000300011)
Dey S, Dwivedi S (2004) Lead in blood of urban Indian horses. Vet Hum Toxicol 46(4):194–195. (PMID: 15303393)

Keywords: Horse; ICP-MS; Mineral elements; Sicily; Toxicological risk; Whole blood

0 (Trace Elements)
FXS1BY2PGL (Mercury)

Date Created: 20231010 Date Completed: 20240506 Latest Revision: 20240506

20240506

10.1007/s12011-023-03889-5

37817046