Characteristics of International Assaultive Psychiatric Patients: Review of Published Findings, 2017-2022.

Publisher: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0376465 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-6709 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00332720 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Psychiatr Q Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: 1999- : New York, NY : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
Original Publication: Utica, N. Y.

Schizophrenia*/epidemiology ; Crime Victims*/psychology ; Substance-Related Disorders*/epidemiology ; Substance-Related Disorders*/psychology; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Violence/psychology ; Patients

Since the 1960s, empirical research has focused on a better understanding of the characteristics of assaultive psychiatric patients. International research from 1960 to 2017 indicated that male and female patients with schizophrenia and substance use disorder presented the greatest risk for assault with nursing personnel being at higher risk. This present review of studies sought to assess the latest research findings on assaultive patients for the most recent five-year period, 2017-2022. It was hypothesized that patients with schizophrenia and substance use disorders would present the greatest assault risk for nursing personnel. The studies in this review supported this hypothesis. Assaults by patients with schizophrenia and substance abuse has been a consistent finding worldwide for 62 years of published research. Explanations for these findings, the possible role of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in assaultive patients, and an updated methodological review are presented.
(© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Flannery RB Jr. Characteristics of assaultive psychiatric inpatients patients: updated review of findings, 1995–2000. Am J Alzheimer Dis Other Dement. 2001;16:153–6. (PMID: 10.1177/153331750101600305)
Flannery RB Jr, Wyshak G, Tecce J, et al. Characteristics of international assaultive psychiatric patients: review of published findings, 2000–2012. Psychiatr Q. 2014;85:303–17. (PMID: 2461555610.1007/s11126-014-9295-5)
Flannery RB Jr, Wyshak G, Tecce J, et al. Characteristics of american assaultive psychiatric patients: review of published findings. Psychiatr Q. 2014;85:319–28. (PMID: 2461948510.1007/s11126-014-9294-6)
Flannery RB Jr, Wyshak G, Flannery GJ. Characteristics of international assaultive psychiatric patients: review of published findings, 2013–2017. Psychiatr Q. 2018;89:349–57. (PMID: 2897133910.1007/s11126-017-9539-2)
d`Ettorre G, Pellicani V. Workplace violence toward mental healthcare workers employed in psychiatric wards. Saf Health Work. 2017;8:337–42. (PMID: 2927663110.1016/j.shaw.2017.01.004)
Hilton NZ, Addison S, Ham E, et al. Workplace violence and risk factors for PTSD among psychiatric nurses: systematic review and directions for future research and practice. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2022;209:186–203. (PMID: 10.1111/jpm.12781)
Beaglehole B, Beveridge J, Campell-Trotter W, et al. Unlocking an acute psychiatric ward: the impact on unauthorized absences, assaults, and seclusion. B J Psych Bull. 2017;41:92–6.
Claudius IA, Desai S, Davis E, et al. Case-controlled analysis of patient-based risk factors for assault in the healthcare workplace. West J Emerg Med. 2017;18:1153–8. (PMID: 29085550565488710.5811/westjem.2017.7.34845)
Sanghani SN, Marsh AN, John M, et al. Characteristics of patients involved physical assault in an acute inpatient psychiatric setting. J Psychiatr Pract. 2017;23:260–9. (PMID: 2874983010.1097/PRA.0000000000000238)
Barnett BS, Kusunzi V, Magola L, et al. Description of the inpatient population and care received at a psychiatric unit in Lilongwe, Malawi. Int J Cult Ment Health. 2018;11:574–82. (PMID: 32863863745097810.1080/17542863.2018.1448424)
Cerny M, Hodgins S, Kucikova R, et al. Violence in persons with and without psychosis in the Czech Republic: risk and protective factors. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2018;14:2793–805. (PMID: 30425497620513310.2147/NDT.S167928)
Kaeser D, Guerra R, Keidar O, et al. Verbal and nonverbal aggression in a swiss university emergency room: a descriptive study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15:1423–9. (PMID: 10.3390/ijerph15071423)
Mills PD, Watts BV, Shiner B, et al. Adverse events occurring on mental health units. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2018;50:63–8. (PMID: 2905523210.1016/j.genhosppsych.2017.09.001)
Suchting R, Green CE, Glazier SM, et al. A data science approach to predicting patient aggressive events in a psychiatric hospital. Psychiatry Res. 2018;268:217–22. (PMID: 3006406810.1016/j.psychres.2018.07.004)
Vollm BA, Edworthy R, Huband N, et al. Characteristics and pathways of long-stay patients in high and medium secure settings in England: a secondary publication from a large mixed-methods study. Front Psychiatry. 2018;9:140–51. (PMID: 29713294591148910.3389/fpsyt.2018.00140)
Moulin V, Palix J, Golay P, et al. Violent behaviour in early psychosis: can we identify clinical risk profiles? Early Interv Psychiatry. 2019;13:517–24. (PMID: 2914348610.1111/eip.12512)
Lawrence RE, Rolin SA, Looney DV, et al. Physical assault in the psychiatry emergency room. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2020;48:484–95. (PMID: 330776388048140)
Noohi S, Kalantari S, Hasanvandi S, et al. Determinants of length of stay in a psychiatric ward: a retrospective chart review. Psychiatr Q. 2020;91:273–87. (PMID: 3186551110.1007/s11126-019-09699-0)
Seto MC, Charette Y, Nicholls TL, et al. Predicting which clinically documented incidents of aggression lead to findings of guilt in a forensic psychiatric sample. Int J Forensic Mental Health. 2020;19:365–76. (PMID: 10.1080/14999013.2020.1785058)
Camus D, Dan Glauser ES, Gholamrezaee M, et al. Factors associated with repetitive violent behavior of psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatry Res. 2021;296:113643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113643 . Epub 2020 Dec 17. PMID: 33352415. (PMID: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.11364333352415)
Chaffkin J, Barnes TA, Avila Quintero VJ, et al. Characteristics of assaultive patients whom inpatient psychiatric staff report to law enforcement. Psychiatr Serv. 2022;73:768–73. (PMID: 3517259110.1176/appi.ps.202100140)
Krakowski M, Tural U, Czobor P. The importance of conduct disorder in the treatment of violence in schizophrenia: efficacy of clozapine compound with olanzapine and haloperidol. Am J Psychiatry. 2021;178:266–74. (PMID: 3347238910.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20010052)
Liu Q, Cole DA. Aggressive outbursts among adults with major depressive disorder: results from the Collaborative Psychiatric epidemiological surveys. J Psychiatr Res. 2021;135:325–31. (PMID: 3355668710.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040)
Raaj S, Navanathan S, Matti B, et al. Admission patterns in a psychiatric intensive care unit in Ireland: a longitudinal follow-up. Ir J Psychol Med. 2021;23:1–8.
Wolf T, Fabel P, Kraschewski A, et al. From wish to reality: Soteria in regular care-proof of effectiveness in implementation of Soteria elements in acute psychiatry. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:685779. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.685779 . eCollection 2021. (PMID: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.685779343056828298815)
Miele F, Buongiorno L, Montalbo D, et al. Reporting incidents in psychiatric intensive care unit: a retrospective study in an italian university hospital. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2022;210:622–8. (PMID: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001504)
Hodgins S. Violent behaviour among people with schizophrenia: a framework for investigation of causes, and effective treatment, prevention. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2008;363:2505–18. (PMID: 18434282260671410.1098/rstb.2008.0034)
Anderson A, West SG. Violence against mental health professionals: when the treater becomes the victim. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2011;8:34–9. (PMID: 214875443074201)
Rund B. A review of factors associated with severe violence in schizophrenia. Nord JPsychiatry. 2018;72:561–76. (PMID: 10.1080/08039488.2018.1497199)
Cho W, Shin WS, An I, et al. Biological aspects of aggression and violence in schizpohrenia. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2019;17:475–86. (PMID: 31671484685268310.9758/cpn.2019.17.4.475)
Naudts K, Hodgins S. Schizophrenia and violence: a search for neurobiological correlates. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2006;19:533–8. (PMID: 1687413010.1097/01.yco.0000238484.12023.aa)
Forrest MP, Parnell E, Penzes P. Dendritic structural plasticity and neuropsychiatric disease. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2018;19:215–34. (PMID: 29545546644268310.1038/nrn.2018.16)
Tsuang J, Fong TW. Treatment of patients with schizophrenia and substance use disorder. Cu;n Pharm Des. 2004;10:2249–61. (PMID: 10.2174/1381612043384114)
Friedman AS. Substance use/abuse as predictor to illegal and violent behavior. Aggress Violent Beh. 1998;3:339–55. (PMID: 10.1016/S1359-1789(97)00012-8)
Rolin SA, Lawrence RE, Dixon LB, et al. Violence in psychiatric settings: demographic and clincial characteristics of patients who were targets of aggression. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2021;209:307–10. (PMID: 800694710.1097/NMD.0000000000001311)
Sin J, Spain D, Furuta M et al. Psychological interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness. Cochrane Databse Syst Rev 2017;1(1).CDO11464.
Mlada K, Formanek T, Vevera J, et al. Serious physical assault and subsequent risk for rehospitalization in individuals with serve mental illness: a nationalwide, registered- based retrospective cohort study. Am Gen Psychiatry. 2021;20:44. (PMID: 10.1186/s12991-021-00358-y)
Kumari S, Kiran M, Chaudhury S. Severity of violence and quality of life of women with psychiatric disorders as compared to normal controls. Ind Psychiatary J 2020; Jul-Dec; 29:213–221.
Guina J, Audu AK, Cameron J, et al. Prevalaence of traumas and PTSD among individuals adjudicated not guilty by reason of insanity. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2021;49:194–201. (PMID: 33579733)
Okundolor SI, Ahenkorah F, Sarff L, et al. Zero staff assaults in the psychiatric emergency room: impact of a multifaceted performance improvement project. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2021;27:64–71. (PMID: 3196589710.1177/1078390319900243)
Zicko CJM, Schroeder LRA, Byers CWS, et al. Behavioral emergency response team: implementation improves patient, staff safety, and collaboration. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2017;14:377–84. (PMID: 2837203310.1111/wvn.12225)
Management Of Aggressive. Behavior (MOAB): moabtraining.com.
Lanza ML. Violence prevention community meetings conducted on your unit. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2017;38:829–36. (PMID: 2893363910.1080/01612840.2017.1339299)
Jones MT, Harvey PD. Neurocognition and social cognition training as treatments for violence and aggression in people with severe mental illness. CNS Spectr. 2020;25:145–53. (PMID: 3124846810.1017/S1092852919001214)
Flannery RB Jr. The Assaulted Staff Action Program (ASAP): coping with the psychological aftermath of violence. New York, NY: American Mental Health Foundation; 2012.
Schwartz RC, Blankenship DM. Racial disparities in psychotic disorder diagnosis: a review of the empirical literature. World J Psychiatry. 2014;4:133–40. (PMID: 25540728427458510.5498/wjp.v4.i4.133)

Keywords: Aassault characteristics; International psychiatric patients; PTSD; Psychiatric patient assaults; Schizophrenia

Date Created: 20230904 Date Completed: 20231113 Latest Revision: 20231113

20231215

10.1007/s11126-023-10050-x

37667138