Investigating Saudi Nursing Students' Health Beliefs about Testicular Cancer and Testicular Self-Examination: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Health Belief Model.

Item request has been placed! ×
Item request cannot be made. ×
loading   Processing Request
Read More Add to Saved list
  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention Country of Publication: Thailand NLM ID: 101130625 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2476-762X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15137368 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Asian Pac J Cancer Prev Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: Bangkok : Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention,
    • Subject Terms:
      Testicular Neoplasms*/diagnosis ; Students, Nursing*; Male ; Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Saudi Arabia ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Self-Examination ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    • Abstract:
      Introduction: Testicular cancer (TC) is a serious health issue, which requires early detection through testicular self-examination (TSE).
      Objectives: To investigate Saudi nursing students' health beliefs about TC and TSE using the Health Belief Model (HBM) scale and assess the validity and reliability of the HBM scale.
      Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited a convenience sample of 374 nursing students from six nursing colleges in different cities in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires that included demographic and academic information, as well as a valid and reliable HBM scale for TC and TSE.
      Results: Most participants were single (88.8 %), in their third year of nursing education (43.9 %), had excellent or very good health (83.2%), had no family history of TC (88.9%), and had no medical problems with their testicles (92.8%). The participants had low susceptibility to TC and moderate beliefs about the seriousness of TC. Furthermore, participants reported moderate levels of perceived benefits and health motivation for preventing TC and practicing TSE, but high levels of perceived barriers and low levels of self-efficacy for practicing TSE. The internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha) of susceptibility, benefits and health motivation, seriousness, barriers, self-efficacy, and health motivation and promotion sub-scales was 0.91, 0.89, 0.88, 0.84, 0.67, and 0.65, respectively. Significant relationship between students' performing TSE and their health beliefs about Susceptibility (t=1.93, p=0.04) and Seriousness of having TC (t=2.88, p=0.03), and self-efficacy (t=3.91, p<0.001) and barriers (t=-2.51, p=0.04) to practice TSE.
      Conclusion: The study concluded that Saudi nursing students had moderate levels of health beliefs about TC and TSE, with high perceived barriers and low levels of self-efficacy for practicing TSE.
    • References:
      Am J Mens Health. 2018 May;12(3):531-538. (PMID: 26483292)
      N Engl J Med. 2014 Nov 20;371(21):2005-16. (PMID: 25409373)
      Nurs Stand. 2018 Mar 7;32(28):50-61. (PMID: 29512961)
      BMC Cancer. 2021 Jun 10;21(1):685. (PMID: 34112094)
      J Health Commun. 2014;19(3):303-20. (PMID: 24117344)
      Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2023 Apr 01;24(4):1289-1295. (PMID: 37116151)
      Eur Urol. 2015 Dec;68(6):1054-68. (PMID: 26297604)
      Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018 Oct 5;4(1):29. (PMID: 30291251)
      J Cancer Educ. 2018 Apr;33(2):398-403. (PMID: 27815814)
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Health Beliefs Model; Saudi nursing students; Testicular cancer; and testicular self-examination; validity and reliability
    • Subject Terms:
      Testicular Germ Cell Tumor
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20230728 Date Completed: 20230731 Latest Revision: 20231128
    • Publication Date:
      20240829
    • Accession Number:
      PMC10676508
    • Accession Number:
      10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.7.2413
    • Accession Number:
      37505774