Genotype Diversity of Enteric Viruses in Wastewater Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101483831 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1867-0342 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 18670334 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Food Environ Virol Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: New York : Springer

COVID-19* ; Gastroenteritis* ; Viruses*/genetics ; Rotavirus*/genetics ; Enterovirus* ; Norovirus*/genetics ; Sapovirus*/genetics ; RNA Viruses* ; Enterovirus Infections*/epidemiology; Humans ; Wastewater ; Pandemics ; Sewage ; Adenoviridae/genetics ; Genotype ; Phylogeny ; Feces

Viruses remain the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. Recently, we reported the abundance of AGE viruses in raw sewage water (SW) during the COVID-19 pandemic, when viral AGE patients decreased dramatically in clinics. Since clinical samples were not reflecting the actual state, it remained important to determine the circulating strains in the SW for preparedness against impending outbreaks. Raw SW was collected from a sewage treatment plant in Japan from August 2018 to March 2022, concentrated by polyethylene-glycol-precipitation method, and investigated for major gastroenteritis viruses by RT-PCR. Genotypes and evolutionary relationships were evaluated through sequence-based analyses. Major AGE viruses like rotavirus A (RVA), norovirus (NoV) GI and GII, and astrovirus (AstV) increased sharply (10-20%) in SW during the COVID-19 pandemic, though some AGE viruses like sapovirus (SV), adenovirus (AdV), and enterovirus (EV) decreased slightly (3-10%). The prevalence remained top in the winter. Importantly, several strains, including G1 and G3 of RVA, GI.1 and GII.2 of NoV, GI.1 of SV, MLB1 of AstV, and F41 of AdV, either emerged or increased amid the pandemic, suggesting that the normal phenomenon of genotype changing remained active over this time. This study crucially presents the molecular characteristics of circulating AGE viruses, explaining the importance of SW investigation during the pandemic when a clinical investigation may not produce the complete scenario.
(© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

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Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; Enteric viruses; Genotypes; Raw sewage

0 (Wastewater)
0 (Sewage)

Date Created: 20230414 Date Completed: 20230614 Latest Revision: 20230615

20230616

PMC10103036

10.1007/s12560-023-09553-4

37058225