Retrospective evaluation of fresh platelet concentrate administration in dogs: Patient characteristics, outcomes, and transfusion practices in 189 transfusion episodes (2008-2019).

Publisher: Blackwell Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101152804 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1476-4431 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14764431 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: <2005-> : Malden, MA : Blackwell
Original Publication: San Antonio, TX : Veterinary Emergency & Critical Care Society, [2001]-

Hemorrhage*/therapy ; Hemorrhage*/veterinary ; Thrombocytopenia*/therapy ; Thrombocytopenia*/veterinary ; Dog Diseases*/therapy; Dogs ; Animals ; Retrospective Studies ; Platelet Count/veterinary ; Platelet Transfusion/adverse effects ; Platelet Transfusion/veterinary ; Platelet Transfusion/methods

Objective: To describe patient characteristics, underlying disease processes, clinical outcomes, transfusion dose and type (therapeutic or prophylactic), platelet count changes, and adverse events associated with platelet concentrate (PC) administration in dogs.
Design: Retrospective study.
Setting: University teaching hospital.
Animals: A total of 149 dogs, representing 189 PC transfusion episodes.
Interventions: None.
Measurements and Main Results: In this population, 39 of 149 dogs (26.2%) were diagnosed with primary immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, 22 of 149 (14.8%) had decreased bone marrow production, 12 of 149 (8.0%) received PC during a massive transfusion, 3 of 149 (2.0%) had congenital thrombocytopathia, 59 of 149 (39.6%) had severe thrombocytopenia of other causes, and 14 of 149 (9.4%) underwent transfusion for miscellaneous causes without a documented severe thrombocytopenia. In 117 of 149 dogs (78.5%), >1 site of hemorrhage was noted. The most common sites of hemorrhage were the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in 89 of 149 (59.7%) and the skin in 78 of 149 (52.3%). Overall survival to discharge was 59.1% (88/149). The median PC dose was 0.8 units per 10 kg of body weight per transfusion episode (range: 0.2-6.7). Of 189 episodes, 29 of 189 (15.7%) were prophylactic, and 158 of 189 (83.6%) were therapeutic. For 99 of 189 transfusion episodes, paired pre- and postplatelet counts were available within 24 hours. The median platelet count change was 5.0 × 10 ⁹ /L (5000/μL; range: -115 × 10 ⁹ /L to 158 × 10 ⁹ /L [-115,000 to 158,000/μL]); the posttransfusion platelet count was significantly higher than pretransfusion (P < 0.0001). The increase in platelet count after transfusion was greater in the prophylactic group than the therapeutic group (P = 0.0167). Transfusion reactions were suspected during 2 of 168 episodes (1.2%).
Conclusions: Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia was the most common disease process that resulted in PC transfusion. PC was more frequently administered to animals with active hemorrhage rather than prophylactically, and most dogs had evidence of hemorrhage in multiple organ systems, particularly the GI tract and skin. PC transfusions typically appeared safe, and the median platelet count increased after transfusion.
(© Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Society 2023.)

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Keywords: active bleeding; canine; platelet; transfusion

Date Created: 20230217 Date Completed: 20230518 Latest Revision: 20230518

20230518

10.1111/vec.13281

36799875