Respiratory Virus Surveillance Among Children with Acute Respiratory Illnesses - New Vaccine Surveillance Network, United States, 2016-2021.

Publisher: U.S. Centers for Disease Control Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7802429 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1545-861X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01492195 NLM ISO Abbreviation: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: Atlanta, GA : U.S. Centers for Disease Control
Original Publication: [Atlanta] U. S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control.

COVID-19*/epidemiology ; COVID-19*/prevention & control ; Influenza, Human*/epidemiology ; Metapneumovirus* ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human* ; Respiratory Tract Infections*/epidemiology ; Viruses*; Adolescent ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Prospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United States/epidemiology

The New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) is a prospective, active, population-based surveillance platform that enrolls children with acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) at seven pediatric medical centers. ARIs are caused by respiratory viruses including influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs), and most recently SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19), which result in morbidity among infants and young children (1-6). NVSN estimates the incidence of pathogen-specific pediatric ARIs and collects clinical data (e.g., underlying medical conditions and vaccination status) to assess risk factors for severe disease and calculate influenza and COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness. Current NVSN inpatient (i.e., hospital) surveillance began in 2015, expanded to emergency departments (EDs) in 2016, and to outpatient clinics in 2018. This report describes demographic characteristics of enrolled children who received care in these settings, and yearly circulation of influenza, RSV, HMPV, HPIV1-3, adenovirus, human rhinovirus and enterovirus (RV/EV),* and SARS-CoV-2 during December 2016-August 2021. Among 90,085 eligible infants, children, and adolescents (children) aged <18 years ^† with ARI, 51,441 (57%) were enrolled, nearly 75% of whom were aged <5 years; 43% were hospitalized. Infants aged <1 year accounted for the largest proportion (38%) of those hospitalized. The most common pathogens detected were RV/EV and RSV. Before the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, detected respiratory viruses followed previously described seasonal trends, with annual peaks of influenza and RSV in late fall and winter (7,8). After the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and implementation of associated pandemic nonpharmaceutical interventions and community mitigation measures, many respiratory viruses circulated at lower-than-expected levels during April 2020-May 2021. Beginning in summer 2021, NVSN detected higher than anticipated enrollment of hospitalized children as well as atypical interseasonal circulation of RSV. Further analyses of NVSN data and continued surveillance are vital in highlighting risk factors for severe disease and health disparities, measuring the effectiveness of vaccines and monoclonal antibody-based prophylactics, and guiding policies to protect young children from pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and RSV.
Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. Janet A. Englund reports support from AstraZeneca, GSK (GlaxoSmithKline), and Pfizer, Inc., and consulting fees from Sanofi Pasteur, Meissa Vaccines, and AstraZeneca. Natasha B. Halasa reports grant support from Sanofi Pasteur and Quidel and an education grant from Genetech. Christopher J. Harrison reports institutional support from GSK, Merck, and Pfizer, Inc., and honoraria from Pediatric News. Rangaraj Selvarangan reports grants from Hologic, BioFire Diagnostics, Becton Dickinson, Luminex, and Cepheid and serves on the GSK advisory board. Geoffrey A. Weinberg reports consulting fees from ReViral and honoraria from Merck for writing textbook chapters in the Merck Manual. John V. Williams reports grant support from the National Institutes of Health (for work unrelated to the report), consulting fees from Quidel’s scientific advisory board, and honorarium from the Infectious Disease of Children for a conference presentation, participation on a GSK independent data monitoring committee and on a data safety monitoring board for the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases IMPAACT Study. No other potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.

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U01 IP001150 United States IP NCIRD CDC HHS; U01 IP001155 United States IP NCIRD CDC HHS; U01 IP001158 United States IP NCIRD CDC HHS; U01 IP001050 United States IP NCIRD CDC HHS; U01 IP001157 United States IP NCIRD CDC HHS; U01 IP001049 United States IP NCIRD CDC HHS

Investigator: B Strelitz, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.; K Lacombe, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.; M Moffatt, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, Missouri.; J Schuster, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, Missouri.; C Rohlfs, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.; M Howard, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.; Y Romero, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.; J Chappell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.; PA Piedra, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.; V Avadhanula, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.; W Fregoe, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.; C Albertin, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.; RH Hickey, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.; JM Martin, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal)
0 (COVID-19 Vaccines)

Date Created: 20221006 Date Completed: 20221010 Latest Revision: 20240329

20240329

PMC9541034

10.15585/mmwr.mm7140a1

36201373