Antibody-Dependent Enhancement: ″Evil″ Antibodies Favorable for Viral Infections.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101509722 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1999-4915 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19994915 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Viruses Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI

COVID-19* ; Virus Diseases*/prevention & control ; Viruses*; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; Antibody-Dependent Enhancement ; Humans ; Receptors, Fc

The pandemics caused by emerging viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 result in severe disruptions to public health. Vaccines and antibody drugs play essential roles in the control and prevention of emerging infectious diseases. However, in contrast with the neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), sub- or non-NAbs may facilitate the virus to enter the cells and enhance viral infection, which is termed antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). The ADE of most virus infections is mediated by the Fc receptors (FcRs) expressed on the myeloid cells, while others are developed by other mechanisms, such as complement receptor-mediated ADE. In this review, we comprehensively analyzed the characteristics of the viruses inducing FcRs-mediated ADE and the new molecular mechanisms of ADE involved in the virus entry, immune response, and transcription modulation, which will provide insights into viral pathogenicity and the development of safer vaccines and effective antibody drugs against the emerging viruses inducing ADE.

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Keywords: Fc receptors; antibody-dependent enhancement; immune responses; transcription modulation; virus entry

0 (Antibodies, Neutralizing)
0 (Antibodies, Viral)
0 (Receptors, Fc)

Date Created: 20220826 Date Completed: 20220829 Latest Revision: 20220902

20221213

PMC9412366

10.3390/v14081739

36016361