Plasmodium relictum infection in Culex quinquefasciatus (Culicidae) decreases diel flight activity but increases peak dusk flight activity.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101139802 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1475-2875 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14752875 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Malar J Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2002-
    • Subject Terms:
      Culex*/physiology ; Culicidae*/parasitology ; Malaria* ; Malaria, Avian*/parasitology ; Plasmodium*; Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Mosquito Vectors
    • Abstract:
      Background: Parasites are recognized for their ability to modify host physiology and behaviours in ways that increase parasite fitness. Protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium are a group of widespread vector-borne parasites of vertebrates, causing disease to a wide range of hosts, but most notably to human and avian hosts.
      Methods: The hypothesis that infection with the avian malaria, Plasmodium relictum (GRW4 lineage) impacts flight activity in one of their natural vectors, Culex quinquefasciatus, was tested using both parasites and mosquitoes colonized from local populations in East-Central Texas, USA. Groups of Cx. quinquefasciatus were allowed to feed directly on canaries with active P. relictum infections and control canaries with no P. relictum exposure history. Additionally, how P. relictum sporozoite invasion of mosquito salivary glands impacts mosquito flight activity behaviour was tested using a Locomotor Activity Monitor for both control and infected females. Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate the influence of infection status on the response variables of flight activity (continuous) and probability of flight occurring (binomial).
      Results: Infection status was a significant predictor of flight activity and flight probability and interactions between infection status and experimental period of infection as well as infection status and dusk were statistically significant predictors of flight activity. Plasmodium relictum infected mosquitoes had a mean flight activity of 3.10 and control mosquitoes had an overall mean flight activity of 3.13.
      Discussion: Based on these results, avian malaria parasites increase the flight activity of these mosquitoes at hours known for peak host-seeking behaviour but decrease overall diel activity.
      Conclusion: Although the ramifications of this behavioural change for P. relictum transmission are unclear, these results provide additional empirical evidence suggesting that avian malaria can influence mosquito behaviour and modulate transmission potential.
      (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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    • Grant Information:
      K01 AI128005 United States AI NIAID NIH HHS; 5K01AI128005 United States NH NIH HHS
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20220822 Date Completed: 20220824 Latest Revision: 20220826
    • Publication Date:
      20231215
    • Accession Number:
      PMC9396771
    • Accession Number:
      10.1186/s12936-022-04265-9
    • Accession Number:
      35996189