Influence of intrauterine factors on birth weight and on child linear growth in rural Ethiopia: A prospective cohort study.

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  • Author(s): Roro M;Roro M;Roro M; Deressa W; Deressa W; Lindtjørn B; Lindtjørn B
  • Source:
    PloS one [PLoS One] 2022 Aug 05; Vol. 17 (8), pp. e0272620. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Aug 05 (Print Publication: 2022).
  • Publication Type:
    Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Language:
    English
  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science
    • Subject Terms:
      Fetal Development*; Birth Weight ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Prospective Studies
    • Abstract:
      Introduction: Little is known about the influence of intrauterine fetal factors on childhood growth in low-income countries. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of intrauterine fetal growth on child linear growth in rural Ethiopia.
      Methods: We conducted a prospective community-based cohort study from July 2016 to October 2018. All pregnant women with gestational age of 24 weeks or below living in 13 kebeles, in central Ethiopia were enrolled. The fetuses were followed from pregnancy up to 11-24 months after birth. We measured biparietal diameter, head circumference, femoral length, and abdominal circumference at 26, 30 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. At birth, we measured infant weight. At 11-24 months of age, z-scores of length- for- age, and weight-for-length were calculated. A multilevel, mixed-effect, linear regression model was used to examine the influence of fetal, newborn, maternal, household factors and residence area on child linear growth.
      Results: We included 554 children. The prevalence rate of stunting was 54.3% and that of wasting was 10.6%. Fetal biparietal diameter, head circumference, and abdominal circumference, were significantly associated with birth weight. Femoral length z-score in early pregnancy, gestational age at delivery and child age were significantly associated with length-for-age z-score. Family size was significantly associated with length-for-age z-score. Family size and maternal height were associated with weight-for-height z-score. There was a large variation in length-for-age z-score (Intra cluster correlation, or ρ (rho) = 0.30) and weight-for-length z-score (ρ = 0.22) than of birth weight of new-born (ρ = 0.11) in kebeles indicating heterogeneity in clusters for length-for-age z-score and weight-for-length z-score than birth weight.
      Conclusions: Child linear growth was influenced by fetal growth, duration of pregnancy, maternal height, and family size. Environmental factors that are associated with the area of residence play a bigger role for linear growth than for birth weight.
      Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20220805 Date Completed: 20220809 Latest Revision: 20220901
    • Publication Date:
      20221213
    • Accession Number:
      PMC9355213
    • Accession Number:
      10.1371/journal.pone.0272620
    • Accession Number:
      35930573