Presence and risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in dietary plant supplements as elucidated by a combined DR CALUX ® bioassay and GC-HRMS based approach.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101485040 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1944-0057 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19440057 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: London : Informa Healthcare
      Original Publication: Abingdon, Oxon ; Philadelphia, PA : Taylor & Francis, 2008-
    • Subject Terms:
      Dioxins*/analysis ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls*/analysis ; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins*/analysis ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons*; Biological Assay/methods ; Dibenzofurans ; Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated ; Dietary Supplements/analysis ; Ghana ; Silicon Dioxide
    • Abstract:
      Plant-based dietary supplements may contain undesirable contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) due to the sources of raw materials or processing methods used. The presence of these contaminants in a series of herbal supplements sold on the Ghanaian market for improving sexual performance was examined using the DR CALUX ® bioassay in combination with GC-HRMS analysis. Overall, cell responses at 4 and 48 h exposure to extracts prepared without an acid-silica clean-up were relatively higher than the responses obtained from extracts prepared with an acid-silica clean-up. This indicated that the 40 supplements contained only low levels of stable aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists like polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dl-PCBs, while some contained substantial amounts of less stable AhR-agonists. Ten supplements selected for confirmation with GC-HRMS analysis contained PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs at levels ranging from 0.01 to 0.19 pg toxic equivalent (TEQ)/g only, while the level of the sum of 4 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Σ4PAHs) representing less stable AhR agonists, ranged from not detected (ND) to 25.5 ng/g. These concentrations were in line with the responses observed in the DR CALUX ® bioassay. The concentration of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs corresponded to estimated daily intakes (EDIs) ranging from 0.01 to 1.20 pg TEQ/day, or 0.001 to 0.12 pg TEQ/kg bw/week for a 70 kg bw consumer, which was below the established tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 2 pg TEQ/kg bw/week, thus indicating low concern for consumers' health. Similarly, the EDIs based on the detected Σ4PAHs in supplements ranged from 7.2 to 111 ng/day, or 0.1 to 1.6 ng/kg bw/day, which corresponded to MOE values above 10,000, indicating a low health concern.
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Bioassay chromatography; GC/MS PAH Dioxins Dioxins; TEQs Dietary supplements
    • Accession Number:
      0 (Dibenzofurans)
      0 (Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated)
      0 (Dioxins)
      0 (Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins)
      0 (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)
      7631-86-9 (Silicon Dioxide)
      DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20220729 Date Completed: 20220907 Latest Revision: 20220907
    • Publication Date:
      20240829
    • Accession Number:
      10.1080/19440049.2022.2094473
    • Accession Number:
      35904509