Maternal Immune Dysregulation and Autism-Understanding the Role of Cytokines, Chemokines and Autoantibodies.

Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101545006 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 1664-0640 (Print) Linking ISSN: 16640640 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Psychiatry Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE

Original Publication: Switzerland : Frontiers Research Foundation, 2010-

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is acknowledged as a highly heterogeneous, behaviorally defined neurodevelopmental disorder with multiple etiologies. In addition to its high heritability, we have come to recognize a role for maternal immune system dysregulation as a prominent risk factor for the development of ASD in the child. Examples of these risk factors include altered cytokine/chemokine activity and the presence of autoantibodies in mothers that are reactive to proteins in the developing brain. In addition to large clinical studies, the development of pre-clinical models enables the ability to evaluate the cellular and molecular underpinnings of immune-related pathology. For example, the novel animal models of maternal autoantibody-related (MAR) ASD described herein will serve as a preclinical platform for the future testing of targeted therapeutics for one 'type' of ASD. Identification of the cellular targets will advance precision medicine efforts toward tailored therapeutics and prevention. This minireview highlights emerging evidence for the role of maternal immune dysregulation as a potential biomarker, as well as a pathologically relevant mechanism for the development of ASD in offspring. Further, we will discuss the current limitations of these models as well as potential avenues for future research.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2022 McLellan, Kim, Bruce, Ramirez-Celis and Van de Water.)

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Keywords: autoantibodies - blood; chemokines; cytokines; gestational inflammation; inflammation; neurodevelopment

Date Created: 20220620 Latest Revision: 20220716

20240829

PMC9201050

10.3389/fpsyt.2022.834910

35722542