Socioeconomic and immigration status and COVID-19 testing in Toronto, Ontario: retrospective cross-sectional study.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100968562 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2458 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712458 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001-
    • Subject Terms:
      COVID-19*/diagnosis ; COVID-19*/epidemiology ; COVID-19 Testing*; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Emigration and Immigration ; Humans ; Ontario/epidemiology ; Poverty ; Retrospective Studies
    • Abstract:
      Background: Preliminary evidence suggests that individuals living in lower income neighbourhoods are at higher risk of COVID-19 infection. The relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19 risk warrants further study.
      Methods: We explored the association between COVID-19 test positivity and patients' socio-demographic variables, using neighborhood sociodemographic data collected retrospectively from two COVID-19 Assessment Centres in Toronto, ON.
      Results: Eighty-three thousand four hundred forty three COVID-19 tests completed between April 5-September 30, 2020, were analyzed. Individuals living in neighbourhoods with the lowest income or highest concentration of immigrants were 3.4 (95% CI: 2.7 to 4.9) and 2.5 (95% CI: 1.8 to 3.7) times more likely to test positive for COVID-19 than those in highest income or lowest immigrant neighbourhoods, respectively. Testing was higher among individuals from higher income neighbourhoods, at lowest COVID-19 risk, compared with those from low-income neighbourhoods.
      Conclusions: Targeted efforts are needed to improve testing availability in high-risk regions. These same strategies may also ensure equitable COVID-19 vaccine delivery.
      (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: COVID-19; Diagnostic tests and procedures; Immigration; Primary health care; Social determinants of health
    • Accession Number:
      0 (COVID-19 Vaccines)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20220601 Date Completed: 20220603 Latest Revision: 20220716
    • Publication Date:
      20240628
    • Accession Number:
      PMC9148216
    • Accession Number:
      10.1186/s12889-022-13388-2
    • Accession Number:
      35643450