Investigating the Intersections of Racial Identity and Perceived Income Adequacy in Relation to Dietary Quality Among Adults in Canada.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0404243 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1541-6100 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00223166 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Nutr Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: 2023- : [New York, NY] : Elsevier
      Original Publication: 1928-1933 : Springfield, Ill. : C. C. Thomas
    • Subject Terms:
      Diet* ; Income*; Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Eating ; Humans ; Nutrition Policy
    • Abstract:
      Background: Structural racism and economic marginalization shape dietary patterns in complex ways. Most research examining race and income inequities discount their interactions in shaping dietary intakes. An intersectional approach is needed to identify interconnected sources of social inequities and to more precisely locate dietary inequities.
      Objectives: We examined whether racial identity and perceived income adequacy independently and jointly shape dietary quality, defined using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015, among a large sample of adults in Canada.
      Methods: Cross-sectional data from 2540 adults (≥18 years of age) in Canada who participated in the 2019 International Food Policy Study were analyzed. Multivariable linear regression models were executed to test the independent associations and interactions between racial identity and perceived income adequacy with HEI-2015 scores. Models were constructed to examine HEI-2015 total and component scores, adjusting for age, gender, and education.
      Results: Perceived income adequacy, but not racial identity, was independently associated with HEI-2015 total scores. The interaction between racial identity and perceived income adequacy was significantly associated with HEI-2015 scores. Compared to the reference group (individuals identifying as White and reporting income adequacy), those identifying as Black and reporting income adequacy were associated with lower HEI-2015 scores (β, -7.30; 95% CI, -13.07 to -1.54) and those identifying as Black and reporting income inadequacy were associated with lower HEI-2015 scores (β, -6.37; 95% CI, -12.13 to -0.60). Individuals who identified as indigenous and reported neither income adequacy nor inadequacy had lower HEI-2015 scores (β, -8.50; 95% CI, -13.82 to -3.18) compared to the reference group.
      Conclusions: Findings suggest that racial identity and perceived income adequacy jointly shape dietary quality. Inequities in dietary quality may be missed when intersecting racial identities and socioeconomic positions are not explicitly investigated. To support healthier dietary patterns, strategies must reduce socioeconomic barriers that impose dietary constraints on some racialized groups.
      (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.)
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    • Grant Information:
      PJT-162167 Canada CIHR
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: diet quality; income; inequities; intersectionality; race
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20220511 Date Completed: 20220614 Latest Revision: 20240829
    • Publication Date:
      20240830
    • Accession Number:
      PMC9188862
    • Accession Number:
      10.1093/jn/nxac076
    • Accession Number:
      35544238