Children and young people's beliefs about mental health and illness in Indonesia: A qualitative study informed by the Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science
    • Subject Terms:
      Attitude to Health* ; Self-Control* ; Social Stigma*; Mental Disorders/*psychology; Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Child ; Depression/psychology ; Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Male ; Mental Health ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; Poverty ; Qualitative Research
    • Abstract:
      Background: Mental illness is a leading cause of disease burden amongst children and young people (CYP). This is exacerbated in low- and middle-income (LMIC) countries which often have embryonic care structures. Understanding and targeting illness beliefs is a potentially efficacious way of optimising the development of health prevention interventions. These beliefs remain relatively underexplored in CYP in LMIC contexts. Aim: To develop an in-depth understanding of CYPs beliefs about mental health and illness in Indonesia.
      Methods and Findings: Semi-structured interviews (n = 43) combined with photo elicitation methodology were undertaken with CYP aged 11-15 from Java, Indonesia. Our sample comprised those living with (n = 19) and without (n = 24) high prevalence mental health conditions, specifically anxiety or depression. Data were analysed using framework analysis, informed by the Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation of Health and Illness. Positive mental health and illness were dichotomised in accounts with mental health typically characterised as an absence of mental disturbance. This contributed to attributions of abnormality and the marginalisation of those with mental illness. Mental illness was conceptualised as a single entity, commonly arising from individual failings. This prompted feelings of self-stigma in those with lived experience of mental illness. Analysis identified marked differences in the perceived time dimensions of positive mental health and illness with mental illness conceived as less transient than episodes of positive mental health. Illness beliefs appeared relatively consistent across the two groups of CYP although some nuanced differences were identified. CYP with anxiety and depression were less likely to believe that mental illness could be diagnosed visually, more likely to uphold multiple causal factors and endorse the potential efficacy of professional input.
      Conclusions: Public health interventions to increase understanding may be necessary to develop healthcare systems to reduce treatment barriers, optimise return on investment and enhance population health effect.
      Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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    • Grant Information:
      MR/R022151/1 United Kingdom MRC_ Medical Research Council
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20220204 Date Completed: 20220316 Latest Revision: 20220316
    • Publication Date:
      20231215
    • Accession Number:
      PMC8815881
    • Accession Number:
      10.1371/journal.pone.0263232
    • Accession Number:
      35120145