Polyorchidism: A Review of the Literature and Case Report of a Third Testicle Presenting as an Inguinal Hernia.

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  • Author(s): Aitharaju V;Aitharaju V; Drevna DW; Drevna DW; Barr RG
  • Source:
    Ultrasound quarterly [Ultrasound Q] 2022 Sep 01; Vol. 38 (3), pp. 222-223. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Sep 01.
  • Publication Type:
    Case Reports; Journal Article; Review
  • Language:
    English
  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8809459 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1536-0253 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08948771 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ultrasound Q Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: <2000->: Hagerstown, MD : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
      Original Publication: [New York, N.Y., U.S.A.] : Raven Press, [c1988-
    • Subject Terms:
      Cryptorchidism* ; Hernia, Inguinal*/complications ; Hernia, Inguinal*/diagnostic imaging ; Testicular Diseases*/diagnostic imaging ; Testicular Neoplasms*/complications ; Testicular Neoplasms*/diagnostic imaging; Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Testis/diagnostic imaging ; Testis/pathology
    • Abstract:
      Abstract: Polyorchidism, a very rare congenital anomaly, refers to the presence of more than 2 testes. It is often associated with many other pathologies including cryptorchidism, varicocele, testicular malignancy, and inguinal hernias.In this report, we describe a 40-year-old man who presented with an intermittently painful left groin, initially appearing as inguinal hernia. On ultrasound examination, a supernumerary testes and epididymis were found in the inguinal canal. The testes appeared sonographically normal with no evidence of associated pathologies. There was no evidence of an inguinal hernia containing fat or bowel.Ultrasound is essential in first-line diagnosis and classification of polyorchidism. Color Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging can be used to clarify findings if sonographic images are inconclusive. We also review relevant literature as it pertains to classification, embryology, and treatment options. Patient treatment is based on imaging findings; if associated pathologies or malignancy is suspected, aggressive treatment such as surgical excision may be necessary. Otherwise, conservative treatment may be all that is needed.
      Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
      (Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
    • References:
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    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20220110 Date Completed: 20220907 Latest Revision: 20230824
    • Publication Date:
      20231215
    • Accession Number:
      10.1097/RUQ.0000000000000584
    • Accession Number:
      35001028