Mutation rate dynamics reflect ecological change in an emerging zoonotic pathogen.

Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101239074 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1553-7404 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15537390 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS Genet Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science, c2005-

Mutation Rate*; Adaptation, Biological/*genetics ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/*microbiology ; Streptococcal Infections/*microbiology ; Streptococcus suis/*genetics ; Zoonoses/*microbiology; Animals ; Ecology ; Streptococcus suis/isolation & purification ; Streptococcus suis/pathogenicity ; Virulence/genetics

Mutation rates vary both within and between bacterial species, and understanding what drives this variation is essential for understanding the evolutionary dynamics of bacterial populations. In this study, we investigate two factors that are predicted to influence the mutation rate: ecology and genome size. We conducted mutation accumulation experiments on eight strains of the emerging zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis. Natural variation within this species allows us to compare tonsil carriage and invasive disease isolates, from both more and less pathogenic populations, with a wide range of genome sizes. We find that invasive disease isolates have repeatedly evolved mutation rates that are higher than those of closely related carriage isolates, regardless of variation in genome size. Independent of this variation in overall rate, we also observe a stronger bias towards G/C to A/T mutations in isolates from more pathogenic populations, whose genomes tend to be smaller and more AT-rich. Our results suggest that ecology is a stronger correlate of mutation rate than genome size over these timescales, and that transitions to invasive disease are consistently accompanied by rapid increases in mutation rate. These results shed light on the impact that ecology can have on the adaptive potential of bacterial pathogens.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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United Kingdom WT_ Wellcome Trust; MR/V032836/1 United Kingdom MRC_ Medical Research Council; 109385/Z/15/Z United Kingdom WT_ Wellcome Trust; BB/L018934/1 United Kingdom BB_ Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

Date Created: 20211108 Date Completed: 20220106 Latest Revision: 20230322

20231215

PMC8601623

10.1371/journal.pgen.1009864

34748531