The Scope of Social Mission Content in Health Professions Education Accreditation Standards.

Item request has been placed! ×
Item request cannot be made. ×
loading   Processing Request
  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Published for the Association of American Medical Colleges by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8904605 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1938-808X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10402446 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Acad Med Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: Philadelphia, PA : Published for the Association of American Medical Colleges by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
      Original Publication: [Philadelphia, Pa. : Hanley & Belfus, c1989-
    • Subject Terms:
    • Abstract:
      Purpose: Health professions education accreditation standards influence institutional practices and policies and ensure high-quality education that meets the needs of patients and society. Social mission is the contribution of a school in its mission, programs, and the performance of its graduates, faculty, and leadership to advancing health equity and addressing the health disparities of the society in which it exists. This study examined the scope of social mission content in major U.S. and Canadian health professions education accreditation standards.
      Method: The authors analyzed publicly available accreditation standards documents from 9 accreditors across 5 disciplines-dental, medical, nursing, pharmacy, and physician assistant schools-with effective years from 2016 to 2020. They created a codebook from the previously published social mission metrics survey, which includes 18 social mission activity areas and 79 indicators within those areas. The authors then conducted detailed document reviews to identify the presence of the social mission areas and indicators within the accreditation standards.
      Results: Across all 18 activity areas and 9 accreditors, the authors identified 93 instances of social mission. Curriculum was the most well-represented area with 34 instances. Interprofessional education in curriculum was the most prevalent indicator with 17 instances. The Committee on Accreditation of Canadian Medical Schools included more social mission areas and indicators than the other accreditors.
      Conclusions: There is substantial variability in the social mission content in accreditation standards across accreditors and disciplines. The authors found little representation of key aspects of social mission, including community collaborations, faculty training, and pipeline programs. These findings highlight areas of potential interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance the social mission content of health professions education.
      (Copyright © 2021 by the Association of American Medical Colleges.)
    • References:
      Mullan F. Social mission in health professions education: Beyond Flexner. JAMA. 2017;318:122–123.
      Mullan F, Chen C, Petterson S, Kolsky G, Spagnola M. The social mission of medical education: Ranking the schools. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152:804–811.
      Batra S, Orban J, Guterbock TM, Butler LA, Mullan F. Social mission metrics: Developing a survey to guide health professions schools. Acad Med. 2020;95:1811–1816.
      Azar KMJ, Shen Z, Romanelli RJ, et al. Disparities in outcomes among COVID-19 patients in a large health care system in California. Health Aff (Millwood). 2020;39:1253–1262.
      Yan BW, Ng F, Chu J, Tsoh J, Nguyen T. Asian Americans facing high COVID-19 case fatality. Health Affairs Blog. https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20200708.894552/full . Posted July 13, 2020. Accessed September 15, 2021. (PMID: 10.1377/hblog20200708.894552/full)
      Wortham JM, Lee JT, Althomsons S, et al. Characteristics of persons who died with COVID-19—United States, February 12-May 18, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69:923–929.
      Millett GA, Jones AT, Benkeser D, et al. Assessing differential impacts of COVID-19 on Black communities. Ann Epidemiol. 2020;47:37–44.
      Sklar DP. COVID-19: Lessons from the disaster that can improve health professions education. Acad Med. 2020;95:1631–1633.
      Boelen C, Woollard B. Social accountability and accreditation: A new frontier for educational institutions. Med Educ. 2009;43:887–894.
      Ventres W, Boelen C, Haq C. Time for action: Key considerations for implementing social accountability in the education of health professionals. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2018;23:853–862.
      Kruse J. Social accountability across the continuum of medical education: A call for common missions for professional, accreditation, certification, and licensure organizations. Fam Med. 2013;45:208–211.
      Coria A, McKelvey TG, Charlton P, Woodworth M, Lahey T. The design of a medical school social justice curriculum. Acad Med. 2013;88:1442–1449.
      National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Exploring the Role of Accreditation in Enhancing Quality and Innovation in Health Professions Education. Proceedings of a Workshop. 2017.Washington, DC: National Academies Press;.
      Lindgren S, Karle H. Social accountability of medical education: Aspects on global accreditation. Med Teach. 2011;33:667–672.
      Laraque-Arena D. Meeting the challenge of true representation in US medical colleges. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2:e1910474.
      Health Professions Accreditors Collaborative. Guidance on Developing Quality Interprofessional Education for the Health Professions. National Center for Interprofessional Practice and Education. https://healthprofessionsaccreditors.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/HPACGuidance02-01-19.pdf . Published 2019. Accessed September 15, 2021.
      Alexandraki I, Hernandez CA, Torre DM, Chretien KC. Interprofessional education in the internal medicine clerkship post-LCME standard issuance: Results of a national survey. J Gen Intern Med. 2017;32:871–876.
      Zorek J, Raehl C. Interprofessional education accreditation standards in the USA: A comparative analysis. J Interprof Care. 2013;27:123–130.
      Griffin DP, Matte MC, Clements JM, et al. From introduction to integration: Providing community-engaged structure for interprofessional education. J Med Educ Curric Dev. 2016;3:JMECD.S30368.
      Furgeson D, Inglehart MR. Interprofessional education in U.S. dental hygiene programs: Program director responses before and after introduction of CODA Standard 2-15. J Dent Educ. 2019;83:5–15.
      Boatright DH, Samuels EA, Cramer L, et al. Association between the Liaison Committee on Medical Education’s diversity standards and changes in percentage of medical student sex, race, and ethnicity. JAMA. 2018;320:2267–2269.
      Whitley HP. A public health discussion series in an advanced pharmacy practice experience. Am J Pharm Educ. 2010;74:101.
      Ways and Means Committee, Chairman Richard Neal. In a series of letters, Neal calls on professional medical societies to push racial health equity agenda forward. https://waysandmeans.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/series-letters-neal-calls-professional-medical-societies-push-racial . Published September 3, 2020. Accessed September 15, 2021.
      Morgan DL. Qualitative content analysis: A guide to paths not taken. Qual Health Res. 1993;3:112–121.
      Gale NK, Heath G, Cameron E, Rashid S, Redwood S. Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2013;13:117.
      Committee on Accreditation of Canadian Medical Schools. About CACMS. https://cacms-cafmc.ca/about-cacms . Accessed September 15, 2021.
      El-Awaisi A, Joseph S, El Hajj MS, Diack L. A comprehensive systematic review of pharmacy perspectives on interprofessional education and collaborative practice. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2018;14:863–882.
      Commission on Dental Accreditation. Accreditation Standards for Dental Education Programs. https://www.ada.org/~/media/CODA/Files/predoc_standards.pdf?la=en . Published 2019. Accessed September 15, 2021.
      Liaison Committee on Medical Education. Functions and structure of a medical school: Standards for accreditation of medical education programs leading to the MD Degree. https://lcme.org/publications/#Standards . Published March 2019. Accessed August 25, 2020. [No longer available.].
      Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation. Accreditation of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine: COM Continuing Accreditation Standards. https://osteopathic.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/com-continuing-accreditation-standards.pdf . Published 2019. Accessed September 15, 2021.
      Committee on Accreditation of Canadian Medical Schools. CACMS Standards and Elements: Standards for Accreditation of Medical Education Programs Leading to the M.D. Degree. https://cacms-cafmc.ca/sites/default/files/documents/CACMS_Standards_and_Elements_AY_2020-2021.pdf . Published February 2019. Accessed September 15, 2021.
      Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing. ACEN 2017 Accreditation Manual: Section III, 2017 Standards & Criteria. http://www.acenursing.net/manuals/SC2017.pdf . Published January 18, 2019. Accessed October 22, 2021.
      Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education. Standards for Accreditation of Baccalaureate and Graduate Nursing Programs. https://www.aacnnursing.org/Portals/42/CCNE/PDF/Standards-Final-2018.pdf . Published 2018. Accessed September 15, 2021.
      NLN Commission for Nursing Education Accreditation. Standards for Accreditation. https://cnea.nln.org/standards-of-accreditation . Published February 2016. Accessed September 15, 2021.
      Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education. Accreditation Standards and Key Elements for the Professional Program in Pharmacy Leading to the Doctor of Pharmacy Degree. https://www.acpe-accredit.org/pdf/Standards2016FINAL.pdf . Published February 2, 2015. Accessed September 15, 2021.
      Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant, Inc. Accreditation Standards for Physician Assistant Education. http://www.arc-pa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Standards-5th-Ed-March-2021.pdf . Published September 2019. Accessed September 15, 2021.
      Morley CP, Mader EM, Smilnak T, et al. The social mission in medical school mission statements: Associations with graduate outcomes. Fam Med. 2015;47:427–434.
      Fransworth TJ, Seikel JA, Hudock D, Holst J. History and development of interprofessional education. J Phonet Audiol. 2015;1:1–5.
      Jiang T, Tavares M, Ticku S, et al. Interprofessional education in dental schools: Results of a national survey. J Interprof Educ Pract. 2019;18:100256.
      Institute of Medicine. Educating for the Health Team: Report of the Conference on the Interrelationships of Educational Programs for Health Professionals. 1972.Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences;.
      Vanderbilt AA, Baugh RF, Hogue PA, Brennan JA, Ali II. Curricular integration of social medicine: A prospective for medical educators. Med Educ Online. 2016;21:30586.
      Greiner AC, Knebel E, eds. Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on the Health Professions Education Summit; Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality. 2003.Washington, DC: National Academies Press;.
      Interprofessional Education Collaborative. https://www.ipecollaborative.org . Accessed September 15, 2021.
      National Center for Interprofessional Practice and Education. https://nexusipe.org . Accessed September 15, 2021.
      Wilkins CH, Alberti PM. Shifting academic health centers from a culture of community service to community engagement and integration. Acad Med. 2019;94:763–767.
      Wilkins CH, Alberti PM. Shifting academic health centers from a culture of community service to community engagement and integration. Acad Med. 2019;94:763–767.
      Thornton M, Persaud S. Preparing today’s nurses: Social determinants of health and nursing education. Online J Issues Nurs. 2018;23:1–9.
      Gravens K, Goldfarb S. Social mission in nursing: Reaffirming our roots. Teach Learn Nurs. 2020;15:248–250.
      Wilbur K, Snyder C, Essary A, et al. Developing workforce diversity in the health professions: A social justice perspective. Health Prof Educ. 2020;6:222–229.
      American Public Health Association. Racism is a public health crisis. https://www.apha.org/topics-and-issues/health-equity/racism-and-health/racism-declarations . Accessed September 15, 2021.
      Public Health Accreditation Board. PHAB stands for racial justice. https://phaboard.org/phab-press-room . Published June 3, 2020. Accessed September 15, 2021.
      O’Reilly KB. AMA: Racism is a threat to public health. https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/health-equity/ama-racism-threat-public-health . Published November 16, 2020. Accessed September 15, 2021.
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20211007 Date Completed: 20220415 Latest Revision: 20230717
    • Publication Date:
      20230718
    • Accession Number:
      10.1097/ACM.0000000000004437
    • Accession Number:
      34618736