Species-Specific Humoral Immune Responses in Sheep and Goats upon Small Ruminant Lentivirus Infections Inversely Correlate with Protection against Virus Replication and Pathological Lesions.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, [2000-

Genotype* ; Goats*/immunology ; Goats*/virology ; Immunity, Humoral* ; Sheep*/immunology ; Sheep*/virology; Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Caprine/*physiology ; Goat Diseases/*immunology ; Pneumonia, Progressive Interstitial, of Sheep/*immunology ; Virus Replication/*immunology ; Visna-maedi virus/*physiology; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Female ; Goat Diseases/genetics ; Goat Diseases/pathology ; Goat Diseases/virology ; Lung/immunology ; Lung/pathology ; Lung/virology ; Mammary Glands, Animal/immunology ; Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology ; Mammary Glands, Animal/virology ; Pneumonia, Progressive Interstitial, of Sheep/genetics ; Pneumonia, Progressive Interstitial, of Sheep/pathology ; Pneumonia, Progressive Interstitial, of Sheep/virology ; Species Specificity ; Viral Load/immunology

Maedi-Visna-like genotype A strains and Caprine arthritis encephaltis-like genotype B strains are small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) which, for incompletely understood reasons, appear to be more virulent in sheep and goats, respectively. A 9-month in vivo infection experiment using Belgian genotype A and B SRLV strains showed that almost all homologous (genotype A in sheep; genotype B in goats) and heterologous (genotype A in goats; genotype B in sheep) intratracheal inoculations resulted in productive infection. No differences in viremia and time to seroconversion were observed between homologous and heterologous infections. Higher viral loads and more severe lesions in the mammary gland and lung were however detected at 9 months post homologous compared to heterologous infection which coincided with strongly increased IFN-γ mRNA expression levels upon homologous infection. Pepscan analysis revealed a strong antibody response against immune-dominant regions of the capsid and surface proteins upon homologous infection, which was absent after heterologous infection. These results inversely correlated with protection against virus replication in target organs and observed histopathological lesions, and thus require an in-depth evaluation of a potential role of antibody dependent enhancement in SRLV infection. Finally, no horizontal intra- and cross-species SRLV transmission to contact animals was detected.

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RF14/6289 SRLV-BEL FOD Volksgezondheid, Veiligheid van de Voedselketen en Leefmilieu

Keywords: Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV); Maedi-Visna virus (MVV); cytokines; immune response; pathogenesis; pepscan; small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV); transmission

0 (Antibodies, Viral)

Date Created: 20210928 Date Completed: 20211021 Latest Revision: 20211021

20231215

PMC8467527

10.3390/ijms22189824

34575988