Circadian Rhythms in Resting Metabolic Rate Account for Apparent Daily Rhythms in the Thermic Effect of Food.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0375362 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1945-7197 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0021972X NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: 2017- : New York : Oxford University Press
      Original Publication: Springfield, Ill. : Charles C. Thomas
    • Subject Terms:
      Basal Metabolism/*physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology ; Obesity/*metabolism ; Overweight/*metabolism ; Thermogenesis/*physiology; Adult ; Calorimetry, Indirect ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postprandial Period/physiology ; Time Factors ; Young Adult
    • Abstract:
      Context: Daily variation in the thermic effect of food (TEF) is commonly reported and proposed as a contributing factor to weight gain with late eating. However, underlying circadian variability in resting metabolic rate (RMR) is an overlooked factor when calculating TEF associated with eating at different times of the day.
      Objective: This work aimed to determine whether methodological approaches to calculating TEF contribute to the reported phenomena of daily variation in TEF.
      Methods: Fourteen overweight to obese but otherwise healthy individuals had their resting and postprandial energy expenditure (EE) measured over 15.5 hours at a clinical research unit. TEF was calculated for breakfast, lunch, and dinner using standard methods (above a baseline and premeal RMR measure) and compared to a method incorporating a circadian RMR by which RMR was derived from a sinusoid curve model and TEF was calculated over and above the continuously changing RMR. Main outcome measures were TEF at breakfast, lunch, and dinner calculated by different methods.
      Results: Standard methods of calculating TEF above a premeal measured RMR showed that morning TEF (60.8 kcal ± 5.6) (mean ± SEM) was 1.6 times greater than TEF at lunch (36.3 kcal ± 8.4) and 2.4 times greater than dinner TEF (25.2 kcal ± 9.6) (P = .022). However, adjusting for modeled circadian RMR nullified any differences between breakfast (54.1 kcal ± 30.8), lunch (49.5 kcal ± 29.4), and dinner (49.1 kcal ± 25.7) (P = .680).
      Conclusion: Differences in TEF between morning and evening can be explained by the underlying circadian resting EE, which is independent of an acute effect of eating.
      (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society.)
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    • Grant Information:
      MR/P012205/1 United Kingdom MRC_ Medical Research Council
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: breakfast; chrononutrition; diet-induced thermogenesis; diurnal; energy balance; energy expenditure
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20210902 Date Completed: 20220218 Latest Revision: 20220218
    • Publication Date:
      20231215
    • Accession Number:
      PMC8764350
    • Accession Number:
      10.1210/clinem/dgab654
    • Accession Number:
      34473293