Long Noncoding RNAs as Emerging Regulators of COVID-19.

Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation] Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101560960 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1664-3224 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16643224 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: [Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation]

COVID-19/*immunology ; Host Microbial Interactions/*genetics ; Immunity, Innate/*genetics ; RNA, Long Noncoding/*metabolism ; Thrombosis/*immunology; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Biomarkers/analysis ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/genetics ; COVID-19 Testing/methods ; Cytokines/genetics ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/immunology ; Host Microbial Interactions/drug effects ; Host Microbial Interactions/immunology ; Humans ; Immune Evasion/genetics ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; RNA, Long Noncoding/analysis ; RNA, Long Noncoding/antagonists & inhibitors ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Signal Transduction/immunology ; Thrombosis/genetics ; Thrombosis/virology ; Virus Replication/drug effects ; Virus Replication/genetics ; Virus Replication/immunology ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has high incidence rates with rapid rate of transmission, is a pandemic that spread across the world, resulting in more than 3,000,000 deaths globally. Currently, several drugs have been used for the clinical treatment of COVID-19, such as antivirals (radecivir, baritinib), monoclonal antibodies (tocilizumab), and glucocorticoids (dexamethasone). Accumulating evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential regulators of virus infections and antiviral immune responses including biological processes that are involved in the regulation of COVID-19 and subsequent disease states. Upon viral infections, cellular lncRNAs directly regulate viral genes and influence viral replication and pathology through virus-mediated changes in the host transcriptome. Additionally, several host lncRNAs could help the occurrence of viral immune escape by inhibiting type I interferons (IFN-1), while others could up-regulate IFN-1 production to play an antiviral role. Consequently, understanding the expression and function of lncRNAs during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection will provide insights into the development of lncRNA-based methods. In this review, we summarized the current findings of lncRNAs in the regulation of the strong inflammatory response, immune dysfunction and thrombosis induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection, discussed the underlying mechanisms, and highlighted the therapeutic challenges of COVID-19 treatment and its future research directions.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2021 Yang, Lin, Wang, Zeng and Luo.)

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Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; immune responses; lncRNAs; virus infections

0 (Antiviral Agents)
0 (Biomarkers)
0 (Cytokines)
0 (RNA, Long Noncoding)

Date Created: 20210819 Date Completed: 20210824 Latest Revision: 20231101

20240829

PMC8366413

10.3389/fimmu.2021.700184

34408749