Perirenal Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Novel Insights Linking Metabolic Dysfunction to Renal Diseases.

Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation] Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101555782 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 1664-2392 (Print) Linking ISSN: 16642392 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: [Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation]

Adipose Tissue/*immunology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/*pathology ; Inflammation/*complications ; Kidney Diseases/*pathology ; Metabolic Syndrome/*pathology; Adipose Tissue/pathology ; Animals ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases/etiology ; Metabolic Syndrome/etiology

A healthy adipose tissue (AT) is indispensable to human wellbeing. Among other roles, it contributes to energy homeostasis and provides insulation for internal organs. Adipocytes were previously thought to be a passive store of excess calories, however this view evolved to include an endocrine role. Adipose tissue was shown to synthesize and secrete adipokines that are pertinent to glucose and lipid homeostasis, as well as inflammation. Importantly, the obesity-induced adipose tissue expansion stimulates a plethora of signals capable of triggering an inflammatory response. These inflammatory manifestations of obese AT have been linked to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes, and proposed to evoke obesity-induced comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). A growing body of evidence suggests that metabolic disorders, characterized by AT inflammation and accumulation around organs may eventually induce organ dysfunction through a direct local mechanism. Interestingly, perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT), surrounding the kidney, influences renal function and metabolism. In this regard, PRAT emerged as an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is even correlated with CVD. Here, we review the available evidence on the impact of PRAT alteration in different metabolic states on the renal and cardiovascular function. We present a broad overview of novel insights linking cardiovascular derangements and CKD with a focus on metabolic disorders affecting PRAT. We also argue that the confluence among these pathways may open several perspectives for future pharmacological therapies against CKD and CVD possibly by modulating PRAT immunometabolism.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2021 Hammoud, AlZaim, Al-Dhaheri, Eid and El-Yazbi.)

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Keywords: adipose tissue inflammation; cardiovascular disease; chronic kidney disease; metabolic dysfunction; perirenal adipose tissue

Date Created: 20210819 Date Completed: 20220210 Latest Revision: 20220210

20240628

PMC8366229

10.3389/fendo.2021.707126

34408726