How does the COVID-19 affect mental health and sleep among Chinese adolescents: a longitudinal follow-up study.

Publisher: Elsevier Science Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 100898759 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1878-5506 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13899457 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sleep Med Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier Science, c2000-

COVID-19* ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders*/epidemiology; Adolescent ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; China/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/epidemiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sleep

Objective: The Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has evolved into the largest public health event in the world. Earlier COVID-19 studies have reported that the pandemic caused widespread impacts on mental health and sleep in the general population. However, it remains largely unknown how the prevalence of mental health problems and sleep disturbance developed and interacted in adolescents at different times in the epidemic.
Methods: 831 teenagers (aged 14-19) underwent a longitudinal follow-up study to evaluate the prevalence of mental health problems and sleep disturbance among adolescents before, during, and after the COVID-19 breakout in China and to explore the interaction between mental health and sleep across the three measurements. The chronotype, anxiety and depression level, sleep quality, and insomnia were investigated during each measurement.
Results: The adolescents had delayed sleep onset and sleep offset time, longer sleep duration during the quarantine than before and after the epidemic, whereas their chronotype tended to morning type during the epidemic. Yet, the highest prevalence of anxiety, depression, poor sleeper, and insomnia symptoms were observed before but not during the COVID-19 breakout. The females and adolescents who were eveningness type showed significantly higher anxiety and depression levels, poorer sleep quality, and severe insomnia status than the males and the intermediate and morning types. Sleep disturbance was positively associated with mental problems among three measurements. Pre-measured depression level significantly predicted sleep disturbance level at follow-ups.
Conclusion: These findings suggested that adolescents' high prevalence of mental health and sleep problems occurred before the COVID breakout and decreased during and after the epidemic. Gender and chronotype were significant risk factors associated with affective and sleep disturbances. Depression positively predicted later sleep problems, but not vice versa.
(Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

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Keywords: Anxiety; COVID-19; Chronotype; Depression; Sleep disturbance

Date Created: 20210813 Date Completed: 20210913 Latest Revision: 20221221

20221221

PMC8418314

10.1016/j.sleep.2021.07.008

34388503