Role of Neutrophils in Cardiac Injury and Repair Following Myocardial Infarction.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101600052 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2073-4409 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20734409 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cells Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI

Adaptive Immunity*; Extracellular Traps/*immunology ; Inflammation Mediators/*immunology ; Myocardial Infarction/*immunology ; Neutrophil Infiltration/*immunology ; Neutrophils/*immunology; Animals ; Cytokines/genetics ; Cytokines/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Extracellular Traps/genetics ; Extracellular Vesicles/genetics ; Extracellular Vesicles/immunology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Inflammation Mediators/metabolism ; Macrophages/immunology ; Macrophages/pathology ; Mice ; Myocardial Infarction/genetics ; Myocardial Infarction/pathology ; Myocardium/immunology ; Myocardium/pathology ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/genetics ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/immunology ; Neutrophil Infiltration/genetics ; Neutrophils/pathology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/immunology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism

Neutrophils are first-line responders of the innate immune system. Following myocardial infarction (MI), neutrophils are quickly recruited to the ischemic region, where they initiate the inflammatory response, aiming at cleaning up dead cell debris. However, excessive accumulation and/or delayed removal of neutrophils are deleterious. Neutrophils can promote myocardial injury by releasing reactive oxygen species, granular components, and pro-inflammatory mediators. More recent studies have revealed that neutrophils are able to form extracellular traps (NETs) and produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) to aggravate inflammation and cardiac injury. On the contrary, there is growing evidence showing that neutrophils also exert anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and pro-reparative effects, thus facilitating inflammation resolution and cardiac repair. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on neutrophils' detrimental roles, highlighting the role of recently recognized NETs and EVs, followed by a discussion of their beneficial effects and molecular mechanisms in post-MI cardiac remodeling. In addition, emerging concepts about neutrophil diversity and their modulation of adaptive immunity are discussed.

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Keywords: adaptive immunity; angiogenesis; cardiac remodeling; inflammation; macrophage; myocardial infarction; neutrophil

0 (Cytokines)
0 (Inflammation Mediators)
0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)

Date Created: 20210807 Date Completed: 20211026 Latest Revision: 20211026

20221213

PMC8305164

10.3390/cells10071676

34359844