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Beyond tics: movement disorders in patients with Tourette syndrome.
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- Author(s): Baizabal-Carvallo JF;Baizabal-Carvallo JF;Baizabal-Carvallo JF; Jankovic J; Jankovic J
- Source:
Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) [J Neural Transm (Vienna)] 2021 Aug; Vol. 128 (8), pp. 1177-1183. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jul 23.- Publication Type:
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't- Language:
English - Source:
- Additional Information
- Source: Publisher: Springer-Verlag Country of Publication: Austria NLM ID: 9702341 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1435-1463 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03009564 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Neural Transm (Vienna) Subsets: MEDLINE
- Publication Information: Original Publication: Wien ; New York : Springer-Verlag, 1996-
- Subject Terms:
- Abstract: Background: Tics are the hallmark of Tourette syndrome (TS). However, TS patients may have a particular vulnerability to develop other movement disorders (MDs), such as dystonia, chorea, stereotypy, and other hyperkinetic disorders that may be wrongly attributed to tics.
Materials and Methods: We studied a cohort of 201 patients with motor and phonic tics associated with TS to determine if they have additional, co-existent, MDs.
Results: There were 67 (33.3%) patients with comorbid non-tic MDs. Phenomenology-wise, piano-playing movements resembling chorea or myoclonus, were the most common non-tic movement, observed in 11% of cases, followed by stereotypies (8.0%), tremor, dystonia and parkinsonism, 5.0% each. Drug-induced was the most common etiology (6.0%), followed by functional movement disorders (5.0%) and tardive phenomena (5.0%). No clear etiology was identified in most patients. Piano-playing movements, were associated with a younger age at onset (P = 0.004) and younger age at presentation (P < 0.001). Patients with drug-induced movements and tardive phenomena had a lower frequency of craniofacial tics. FMDs, and idiopathic MDS showed no specific associations with TS. Tic severity was not a predictor of any co-existent MD.
Conclusion: About a third of patients with TS present with comorbid MDs which should be differentiated and distinguished from tics as their etiopathogenesis and treatment may be different.
(© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.) - References: American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. Author, Arlington.
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- Publication Date: Date Created: 20210724 Date Completed: 20211027 Latest Revision: 20211116
- Publication Date: 20240829
- Accession Number: 10.1007/s00702-021-02386-0
- Accession Number: 34302221
- Source:
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