Genotypic analyses and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter jejuni from crows (Corvidae) of United States and India reflect their respective local antibiotic burdens.

Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9706280 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1365-2672 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13645072 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Appl Microbiol Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: 2022- : Oxford : Oxford University Press
Original Publication: Oxford : Published for the Society for Applied Bacteriology by Blackwell Science, c1997-

Campylobacter* ; Campylobacter Infections*/veterinary ; Campylobacter coli* ; Campylobacter jejuni*/genetics ; Crows*; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics ; Humans ; India ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; United States

Aim: The study examined the hypothesis that crow-borne Campylobacter can function as environmental reservoirs and indicators of antibiotic resistance (AR) determinants circulating in a human population.
Methods and Results: Two species of crows from Washington (WA), United States, and Kolkata, India, respectively, were examined for their ability to carry antibiotic resistant Campylobacter. Campylobacter jejuni was the only species isolated by selective agar plating from crow faecal samples. Disk diffusion method used to compare the AR profile of the isolates showed tetracycline (TET) resistance to be the most prevalent (27%) among WA isolates, followed by ciprofloxacin (CIP; 24%). Among Kolkata isolates, nalidixic acid resistance was most common (36%), followed by CIP (27%). The AR profile demonstrated by crow isolates of WA reflects those reported by the US National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for human isolates (2007-2011), where resistance to TET was most prevalent (≈45%), followed by quinolones (≈24%). The Kolkata crow isolates reflected the AR profile of human clinical isolates from India, where 97% resistance was shown to quinolones, followed by TET (18%). Multilocus sequence typing of 37 isolates, including 11 water isolates from the crow roost area, showed 24 different sequence types (STs). Seventeen of these were previously found in wild birds, 2 in human diarrhoea, 4 in poultry and 8 in environmental water. One isolate was found in both water and faeces, though from different sites within WA.
Conclusions: The results indicate that crows most likely acquire the AR from anthropogenic sources. Although they are colonized by specific STs, rarely isolated from humans, they can facilitate the spread of AR.
Significance and Impact of the Study: By studying two areas in different continents, this research demonstrates that Campylobacter borne by crows can function as environmental reservoirs and indicators of AR determinants that circulate in a human population. This information will be of importance to scientists from the medical and poultry industries.
(© 2021 Society for Applied Microbiology.)

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Fulbright Global Fellowship to Keya Sen; King County WaterWorks Program, Washington; University of Washington Bothell Facilities Services , Washington

Keywords: Campylobacter; antimicrobial; environmental water; genotyping; resistance

0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)

Date Created: 20210714 Date Completed: 20211230 Latest Revision: 20211230

20221213

10.1111/jam.15220

34260789