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The greatest health problem of the Middle Ages? Estimating the burden of disease in medieval England.
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- Author(s): Robb J;Robb J; Cessford C; Cessford C; Dittmar J; Dittmar J; Inskip SA; Inskip SA; Mitchell PD; Mitchell PD
- Source:
International journal of paleopathology [Int J Paleopathol] 2021 Sep; Vol. 34, pp. 101-112. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jul 05.- Publication Type:
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't- Language:
English - Source:
- Additional Information
- Source: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 101562474 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-9825 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 18799817 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Paleopathol Subsets: MEDLINE
- Publication Information: Publication:
: Amsterdam : Elsevier
Original Publication: [New York, NY] : Elsevier - Subject Terms:
- Abstract: Objective: To identify the major health problems of the Middle Ages. Bubonic plague is often considered the greatest health disaster in medieval history, but this has never been systematically investigated.
Materials: We triangulate upon the problem using (i) modern WHO data on disease in the modern developing world, (ii) historical evidence for England such as post-medieval Bills of Mortality, and (iii) prevalences derived from original and published palaeopathological studies.
Methods: Systematic analysis of the consequences of these health conditions using Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) according to the Global Burden of Disease methodology.
Results: Infant and child death due to varied causes had the greatest impact upon population and health, followed by a range of chronic/infectious diseases, with tuberculosis probably being the next most significant one.
Conclusions: Among medieval health problems, we estimate that plague was probably 7th-10th in overall importance. Although lethal and disruptive, it struck only periodically and had less cumulative long-term human consequences than chronically endemic conditions (e.g. bacterial and viral infections causing infant and child death, tuberculosis, and other pathogens).
Significance: In contrast to modern health regimes, medieval health was above all an ecological struggle against a diverse host of infectious pathogens; social inequality was probably also an important contributing factor.
Limitations: Methodological assumptions and use of proxy data mean that only approximate modelling of prevalences is possible.
Suggestions for Further Research: Progress in understanding medieval health really depends upon understanding ancient infectious disease through further development of biomolecular methods.
(Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) - Grant Information: 200368/Z/15/Z United Kingdom WT_ Wellcome Trust; 2000368/Z/15/Z United Kingdom WT_ Wellcome Trust
- Contributed Indexing: Keywords: DALYs; Global Burden of Disease; Infant death; Infectious disease; Medieval health; Plague; Tuberculosis
- Publication Date: Date Created: 20210708 Date Completed: 20211025 Latest Revision: 20220907
- Publication Date: 20221213
- Accession Number: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.06.011
- Accession Number: 34237609
- Source:
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