Attention bias modification in drug addiction: Enhancing control of subsequent habits.

Publisher: National Academy of Sciences Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7505876 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1091-6490 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00278424 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Washington, DC : National Academy of Sciences

Attentional Bias* ; Drug-Seeking Behavior* ; Electroencephalography*; Behavior, Addictive/*physiopathology ; Cocaine-Related Disorders/*physiopathology; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male

A relapse in addiction is often precipitated by heightened attention bias to drug-related cues, underpinned by a subcortically mediated transition to habitual/automatized responding and reduced prefrontal control. Modification of such automatized attention bias is a fundamental, albeit elusive, target for relapse reduction. Here, on a trial-by-trial basis, we used electroencephalography and eye tracking with a task that assessed, in this order, drug cue reactivity, its instructed self-regulation via reappraisal, and the immediate aftereffects on spontaneous (i.e., not instructed and automatized) attention bias. The results show that cognitive reappraisal, a facet of prefrontal control, decreased spontaneous attention bias to drug-related cues in cocaine-addicted individuals, more so in those with less frequent recent use. The results point to the mechanisms underlying the disruption of automatized maladaptive drug-related attention bias in cocaine addiction. These results pave the way for future studies to examine the role of such habit disruption in reducing compulsive drug seeking outside the controlled laboratory environment, with the ultimate goal of developing a readily deployable cognitive-behavioral and personalized intervention for drug addiction.
Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interest.

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R01 DA041528 United States DA NIDA NIH HHS; R01 DA047851 United States DA NIDA NIH HHS; K01 DA043615 United States DA NIDA NIH HHS; K01 DA037452 United States DA NIDA NIH HHS; R21 DA048196 United States DA NIDA NIH HHS

Keywords: EEG; addiction; attention bias; cognitive reappraisal; eye tracking

Date Created: 20210602 Date Completed: 20211130 Latest Revision: 20241003

20241003

PMC8201879

10.1073/pnas.2012941118

34074751